Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
A REVIEW
M.S.M. SHIFFA*
MD Scholar, Department of Moalijat, F/O Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.
Outline
Humoural Theory Unani - Tibb therapy Hijamat (Cupping) Results of some clinical trials Immuo modulatory function of the cupping Some important sites of Cupping and its benefits Al Hadith Conclusion References
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Humoural Theory
Unani Medicine is based on Hippocratic theory of four humours i.e. Khoon (blood), Bulgham (phlegm), Safra (bile) and Sauda (black bile). Every physical existence is the combination of above four groups of elements. The humours are the primary fluids which are manufactured by the liver from the food and drink we consume. Every level of organization in the body sub-cellular organelles, cells, tissues and organs is infused with, and interconnected by, the humours1.
(1) Ilaj bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy) according to the patients temperament and the nature of the ailment (2) Ilaj bil Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) that is, treatment with one or more of a range of herbal products;
HIJAMAT (CUPPING)
Al-hijamah (also hijama) is derived from the Arabic word hajm which means "sucking. This practice was highly encouraged by the Prophet muhammad (peace be upon him)2. Cupping or Hijamat is a method used for local evacuation or diversion of morbid humours in which a horn (singhi) is attached to the surface of the skin of the diseased part through negative pressure created by vacuum3.
HIJAMAT (CUPPING) CONT Cupping causes the tissues beneath the cup to be drawn up and swell, and an increase in blood flow to the affected area. This enhanced blood flow under the cup draws impurities and toxins away from the nearby tissues and organs to the skin, from where they are expelled9,10.
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Traditional wet-cupping care delivered in a primary care setting was safe and acceptable to patients with nonspecific low back pain. Wet-cupping care was significantly more effective in reducing bodily pain than usual care at 3-month follow-up12. Wet -cupping leads to clinical relevant benefits for primary care patients with headache13.
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The treatment was safe and well tolerated. cupping therapy may be effective in relieving the pain and other symptoms related to CTS. The efficacy of cupping in the long-term management of CTS and related mechanisms remains to be clarified16. Wet cupping may be an effective method of reducing LDL cholesterol in men and consequently may have a preventive effect against atherosclerosis17.
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Cupping therapy significantly effects the levels of certain immune cells and inflammatory markers. Cupping may exert local inflammatory response through local vascular damage (increased platelets and lymphocytes) which stimulate healing
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AL HADITH
Prophet Mohammad (Sallallaahu layhi Wasallam ) said, "Indeed the best of remedies you have is cupping, in drinking honey, and in cauterizing with fire, but I forbid my Ummah (nation) from cauterization (branding with fire)" [Saheeh al-Bukhaaree (5371)].
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Conclusion
Hajamat helps to remove morbid material from the capillaries and also it balancing the humours (Akhlath). Thus by regulating/balancing and purifying the akhlath It relieves several ailments. It has medicinal property and also spiritual property. Resent clinical researches proved some of its efficacy, still there should be under taken more researches in this field to reveal its all benefits that authentic texts mentioned.
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References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Ibn-e-Sina, Al-Qanoon-Fil-tib (English), Faculty of Islamic Studies, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 1995. http://islamic-practices.suite101.com/article.cfm/alhijamah_cupping_ and_ bloodletting _in_islam Mohd Akbar Arzani, Meezan-ut-tib (Urdu) translated by Kabeeruddin M, (Dafratul Mashih, Marol, Delhi), 1940, 147-148. Bakhtiar L. (1999). The Canon of Medicine Avicenna. USA. Great Books of the Islamic World, Inc. Bhikha R A H and Haq M A. Tibb (2000). Traditional Roots of Medicine in Modern Routes to Health. Mountain of Light. South Africa. Hamdani K.H. Usool-e-tib, Urdu Academy, Uttar Pradesh, 1980, 405. Ibn-ul-Kuf, Kitab-ul-Umda fil Jarahat,(Daeratul Moarif Usmaniya University, Hyderabad) 1935, 15-23.
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References
8. 9. 10. 11. Ehsan Ahmad, Clinical Study on Hijamat bil shurt (wet cupping) And Evaluation of its efficacy in the treatment of Waja ul Mafasil (Arthritis), Department of Moalijat, Faculty of Medicine (U), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 2006. Ismail Jurjani , Zakheera-e- Kharzam-e-Shahi, Vol. I, (Urdu) translated by Khan HH, (Munshi Naval Kishore, Lucknow), 1903, 224-225. Ali Ibnu Abbas Majusi, Kamilus Sana, Lucknow, 1989. Kim JI, Lee MS, Lee DH, Boddy K, Ernst E. Division of Standard Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, 305-811, South Korea. drmslee@gmail.com; mslee@kiom.re.kr. Farhadi K, Schwebel DC, Saeb M, Choubsaz M, Mohammadi R, Ahmadi A. Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Pain research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Ahmadi A, Schwebel DC, Rezaei M. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran. ahmadiar1012@yahoo.com
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References
14. Ahmed SM, Madbouly NH, Maklad SS, Abu-Shady EA. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 15. Ilkay Chirali, Mark Bovey, Roz Gibbs, Cupping for patients with inflammatory complaints clinical and biochemical outcomes, www.acupunctureresearch.org.uk/presentations/chirali2008.pdf 16. Michalsen A, Bock S, Ldtke R, Rampp T, Baecker M, Bachmann J, Langhorst J, Musial F, Dobos GJ.Effects of traditional cupping therapy in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Department of Internal and Complementary Medicine, Berlin, Germany. a.michalsen@immanuel.de J Pain. 2009 Jun;10(6):555. 17. Niasari M, Kosari F, Ahmadi A. The effect of wet cupping on serum lipid concentrations of clinically healthy young men: a randomized controlled trial. Iran Society of Hejamat Research, Tehran, Iran. 60527@irimc.org Pub: J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;13(1):79-82
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