17.1 Physics 6B Electric Field Examples Long

Physics 6B
Electric Field Examples

Prepared by Vince Zaccone
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Assistance Services at UCSB
17.22 Two point charges are located on the x-axis as follows: charge q
1
= +4 nC at
position x=0.2m and charge q
2
= +5 nC at position x = -0.3m.
a) Find the magnitude and direction of the net electric field produced by q
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
b) Find the net electric force on a charge q
3
=-0.6nC placed at the origin.
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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
The electric field near a single point charge is given by the formula:
This is only the magnitude. The direction is away from a
positive charge, and toward a negative one.
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =
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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m

At the origin, q
1
will produce an E-field vector that points
left, and q
2
gives an E-field vector to the right.
E
1
E
2
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =
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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m

At the origin, q
1
left, and q
2

This is how we can put the +/- signs on the E-fields when
we add them up.
E
1
E
2
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =
2 1 total
E E E + =
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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
E
1
E
2
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =

At the origin, q
1
left, and q
2

we add them up.
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
500 900
) m 3 . 0 (
) C 10 5 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

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q
2
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
E
total
(This means 400 N/C in the negative x-direction)
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =

At the origin, q
1
left, and q
2

we add them up.
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
500 900
) m 3 . 0 (
) C 10 5 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

C
N
total
400 E =
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q
2
q
3
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
For part b) all we need to do is multiply the E-field from part a) times the new charge q
3
.
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =

At the origin, q
1
left, and q
2

we add them up.
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
500 900
) m 3 . 0 (
) C 10 5 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

C
N
total
400 E =
E
total
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q
2
q
3
q
1
x=0
x=0.2m x=-0.3m
Note that this force is to the right, which is opposite the E-field
This is because q
3
is a negative charge: E-fields are always set
up as if there are positive charges.
x
1
= +4 nC at
2
1
and
q
2
at the origin.
3
2
R
kq
E =

At the origin, q
1
left, and q
2

we add them up.
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
500 900
) m 3 . 0 (
) C 10 5 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

C
N
total
400 E =
For part b) all we need to do is multiply the E-field from part a) times the new charge q
3
.
N 10 4 . 2 ) 400 )( C 10 6 . 0 ( F
7
C
N
9
onq
3

+ = =
E
total
F
on3
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17.28 Two unequal charges repel each other with a force F. If both charges are
doubled in magnitude, what will be the new force in terms of F?
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The formula for electric force between 2 charges is

2
2 1
elec
R
q kq
F =
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If both charges are doubled, we will have

2
2 1
elec
R
q kq
F =
2
2 1
2
2 1
elec
R
q kq
4
R
) q 2 )( q 2 ( k
F = =
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If both charges are doubled, we will have

So the new force is 4 times as large.
2
2 1
elec
R
q kq
F =
2
2 1
2
2 1
elec
R
q kq
4
R
) q 2 )( q 2 ( k
F = =
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17.29 Two unequal charges attract each other with a force F when they are a
distance D apart. How far apart (in terms of D) must they be for the force to be 3
times as strong as F?
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2
2 1
elec
D
q kq
F =
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We want the force to be 3 times as strong, so we can set
up the force equation and solve for the new distance.
2
2 1
elec
D
q kq
F =
2
new
2 1
2
2 1
D
q kq
D
q kq
3 =
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Canceling and cross-multiplying, we get
2
2 1
elec
D
q kq
F =
2
new
2 1
2
2 1
D
q kq
D
q kq
3 =
2
3
1
2
new
D D =
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Canceling and cross-multiplying, we get
Square-roots of both sides gives us the answer:
2
2 1
elec
D
q kq
F =
2
new
2 1
2
2 1
D
q kq
D
q kq
3 =
2
3
1
2
new
D D =
D D
3
1
new
=
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17.30 When two unequal point charges are released a distance d from one another,
the heavier one has an acceleration a. If you want to reduce this acceleration to 1/5
of this value, how far (in terms of d) should the charges be released?
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Recall that Newton's 2
nd
law says that F
net
= ma.
So this is really a problem about the force on the heavier charge.
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nd
law says that F
net
= ma.
2
2 1
elec
d
q kq
F =
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nd
law says that F
net
= ma.
If we want the acceleration to be 1/5 as fast,
we need the force to be 1/5 as strong:
2
2 1
elec
d
q kq
F =
2
2 1
5
1
2
new
2 1
old 5
1
new
d
q kq
d
q kq
F F
=
=
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nd
law says that F
net
= ma.
We cancel common terms and cross-multiply to get
2
2 1
elec
d
q kq
F =
2
2 1
5
1
2
new
2 1
old 5
1
new
d
q kq
d
q kq
F F
=
=
2 2
new
d 5 d =
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nd
law says that F
net
= ma.
We cancel common terms and cross-multiply to get
Square-root of both sides:
2
2 1
elec
d
q kq
F =
2
2 1
5
1
2
new
2 1
old 5
1
new
d
q kq
d
q kq
F F
=
=
2 2
new
d 5 d =
d 5 d
new
=
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17.41 A point charge of -4 nC is at the origin, and a second point charge of +6 nC
is placed on the x-axis at x=0.8m. Find the magnitude and direction of the electric
field at the following points on the x-axis: a) x=20 cm; b) x=1.20m; c) x= -20cm
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-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
The electric field near a single point
charge is given by the formula:
This is only the magnitude. The direction is away
from a positive charge, and toward a negative one.
2
R
kQ
E =
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a
For part a) which direction do the E-field vectors point?
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
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2
R
kQ
E =
a
For part a) both E-field vectors point in the x direction
Call the -4nC charge #1 and the +6nC charge #2 E
1
E
2
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
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2
R
kQ
E =
a
1
E
2
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
1050
) m 6 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
=

=

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2
R
kQ
E =
a
1
E
2
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
1050
) m 6 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
=

=

For part b) E
1
points left and E
2
points right
b
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E + =
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2
R
kQ
E =
a
1
E
2
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
1050
) m 6 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
=

=

For part b) E
1
points left and E
2
points right
b
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
5 . 312
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 1 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

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2
R
kQ
E =
a
1
E
2
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
1050
) m 6 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
=

=

For part b) E
1
points left and E
2
points right
b
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
5 . 312
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 1 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

For part b) E
1
points right and E
2
points left
c
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
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2
R
kQ
E =
a
1
E
2
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-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
+6nC
x
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
1050
) m 6 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
=

=

For part b) E
1
points left and E
2
points right
b
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
5 . 312
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 1 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+

=

For part b) E
1
points right and E
2
points left
c
E
1
E
2
Q
1
=
-4nC
x=0 x=0.8m
x
Q
2
=
+6nC
2 1 total
E E E + =
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
9
C
Nm
9
total
846
) m 0 . 1 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
) m 2 . 0 (
) C 10 4 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
2
2
+ =

+ =

2
R
kQ
E =
17.42 A point charge of q=+6 nC is at the point (x=0.15m,y=0m), and an identical
point charge is placed at (-0.15m,0m), as shown.
Find the magnitude and direction of the net electric field at:
a) the origin (0,0); b) (0.3m,0m); c) (0.15m,-0.4m); d) (0m,0.2m)
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x
y
Part a): TRY DRAWING THE E-FIELD
VECTORS ON THE DIAGRAM
1 2
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x
y
Part a): both vectors point away from their charge.
Since the distances and the charges are equal, the
vectors cancel out.

E
total
= 0
1 2
E
1
E
2
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x
y
x
y
1 2
2 1
Part b): both vectors point away from their charge.
E
1
E
2
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E
1
E
2
vectors cancel out.

E
total
= 0
x
y
x
y
1 2
2 1
Positive x-direction
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E
1
E
2
vectors cancel out.

E
total
= 0
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
2400
) m 15 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
267
) m 45 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

E
1
E
2
x
y
x
y
1 2
2 1
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E
1
E
2
vectors cancel out.

E
total
= 0
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
2400
) m 15 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
267
) m 45 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

C
N
total
2667 267 2400 E = + =
E
1
E
2
x
y
Part c): both vectors point away from their charge. We
will need to use vector components to add them together.
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
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x
y
1 2
E
1,y
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
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x
y
1 2
E
1,y
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
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C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
E
2
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E
1,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
The 0.5m in this formula for
E
2
is the distance to charge 2,
using Pythagorean theorem or
from recognizing a 3-4-5 right
triangle when you see it.
0.4m
0.3m
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E
2
E
1,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
216
) m 5 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
E
2
0.4m
0.3m
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E
1,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
216
) m 5 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

E
2,x
E
2,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
E
2
0.4m
0.3m
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E
1,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
216
) m 5 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

E
2,x
E
2,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
= + =
+ = + =
C
N
5
4
C
N
y , 2
C
N
5
3
C
N
x , 2
8 . 172 ) ( ) 216 ( E
6 . 129 ) ( ) 216 ( E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
E
2
0.4m
0.3m
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E
1,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
216
) m 5 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

E
2,x
E
2,y
C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
Add together the x-components and the y-components separately:
C
N
C
N
C
N
y , total
C
N
C
N
C
N
x , total
3 . 510 8 . 172 5 . 337 E
6 . 129 6 . 129 0 E
= =
+ = + =
= + =
+ = + =
C
N
5
4
C
N
y , 2
C
N
5
3
C
N
x , 2
8 . 172 ) ( ) 216 ( E
6 . 129 ) ( ) 216 ( E
x
y
1 2
(0.15,- 0.4)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
E
2
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C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
2
216
) m 5 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
5 . 337
) m 4 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

=
=
C
N
y , 1
C
N
x , 1
5 . 337 E
0 E
Add together the x-components and the y-components separately:
C
N
C
N
C
N
y , total
C
N
C
N
C
N
x , total
3 . 510 8 . 172 5 . 337 E
6 . 129 6 . 129 0 E
= =
+ = + =
Now find the magnitude and the angle using right triangle rules:
75.7
E
total
axis x below 7 . 75
6 . 129
3 . 510
) tan(
5 . 526 ) 3 . 510 ( ) 6 . 129 ( E
C
N
2 2
total
+ = u = u
= + =
= + =
+ = + =
C
N
5
4
C
N
y , 2
C
N
5
3
C
N
x , 2
8 . 172 ) ( ) 216 ( E
6 . 129 ) ( ) 216 ( E
x
y
Part d): TRY THIS ONE ON YOUR OWN FIRST...
1 2
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
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(0,0.2)
x
y
Part d): both vectors point away from their charge. We
1 2
E
1
E
2
(0,0.2)
(0.15,0) (- 0.15,0)
The 0.25m in this formula is the
distance to each charge using the
Pythagorean theorem or from
recognizing a 3-4-5 right triangle
when you see it.
From symmetry, we can see that E
2
will have
the same components, except for +/- signs.
Now we can add the components
(the x-component should cancel out)
The final answer should be 1382.4 N/C in the positive y-direction.
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C
N
2
9
C
Nm
9
1
864
) m 25 . 0 (
) C 10 6 )( 10 9 (
E
2
2
=

=

+ = + =
= =
C
N
25 . 0
20 . 0
C
N
y , 1
C
N
25 . 0
15 . 0
C
N
x , 1
2 . 691 ) )( 864 ( E
4 . 518 ) )( 864 ( E
+ = + =
+ = + =
C
N
25 . 0
20 . 0
C
N
y , 2
C
N
25 . 0
15 . 0
C
N
x , 2
2 . 691 ) )( 864 ( E
4 . 518 ) )( 864 ( E
C
N
C
N
C
N
y , total
C
N
C
N
C
N
x , total
4 . 1382 2 . 691 2 . 691 E
0 4 . 518 4 . 518 E
+ = + + =
= + =

17.1 Physics 6B Electric Field Examples Long

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17.1 Physics 6B Electric Field Examples Long

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Physics 6B

Electric Field Examples

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