The Autonomic Nervous System in The Head & Neck

Nervous Tissue

CNS

PNS

Brain

Spinal Cord

(under control)

Somatic

Autonomic (no conscious control)

Somatic Nervous System

Sensory: general sensations pain, thermal (hot & cold), tactile sensation, pressure special sensations (In Medicine?) vision, smell, hearing, taste Motor: (1 Fxn.) contraction of Sk. Muscle (voluntary movement)

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory: include internal receptors chemoreceptors ?? & mechanoreceptors ?? Motor: (2 Fxn.s) either exciting or inhibiting effects cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, & glands 2 divisions: Sympathetic (from sympathy) under dangerous situations & stress (Fight-or-Flight response) Parasympathetic under normal situations & relaxation

Somatic Vs. Autonomic

Somatic
1. General & special sensations 2. Voluntary movement 3. On sk. Muscle 4. Single function (contraction of sk. Muscle) 5. Single neuron pathway

Autonomic
1. Non conscious sensations
2. Involuntary control 3. On smooth, cardiac, & glands 4. Dual functions (excitation & inhibition) 5. Two neuron pathway

ANS
Anatomically 1. Preganglionic Neurons from CNS autonomic ganglia, myelinated 2. Autonomic Ganglia ganglion: aggregation of neuronal cell bodies & supporting cells 3. Postganglionic Neurons from autonomic ganglia effector tissue unmyelinated

Autonomic NS (Motor Fxn.)

Preganglionic N. Sympathetic ganglia Postganglionic N.

Sympathetic:

Parasympathetic:
Preganglionic N. Parasymp. ganglia Postganglionic N.

Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)

Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)

Preganglionic: Thorax & Abd.

Preganglionic: Brain (C.N.) & sacral

Ganglia: Sympathetic chain

Ganglia: Terminal ganglia

Sympathetic Ganglia in Head & Neck

3 cervical ganglia sup., middle, & inf. *Part of the sympathetic chain in the body Location: ??

Stellate Ganglion?

Parasympathetic Ganglia in Head & Neck

4 ganglia Ciliary ganglion: constriction of pupil Pterygopalatine ganglion: lacrimal gland secretion Otic ganglion: parotid gland secretion Submandibular ganglion: submand. & sublingual gland secretions

Ciliary Ganglion
Location: between ?? Suspended by ?? Pregang. Parasym. Fibers: ?? Postgang. Parasymp.: ?? Sphincter pupillae m. & ? Postgang. Sympathetic : Sup. Cervical ganglion Long ciliary n. (from ?) Dilator pupillae m.

Horners Syndrome
Damage to sympathetic innervation through sup. Cervical ganglion Symptoms: - Ptosis: dropping of upper eyelid (why?) - pupil constriction (miosis) - Anhydrosis: lack of sweating - Flushing of the face (why?)

Pterygopalatine Ganglion
Location: ?? Suspended by V2 Pregang. Parasymp.: ?? Postgang. Parasymp.: Zygomaticotemporal of V2 Lacrimal of V1 Lacrimal gland

Postgang. Sympathetic: From sup. Cervical ganglion Deep petrosal nerve Joins greater petrosal n. To form = vidian nerve (or ?)

Otic Ganglion
Location: ?? Suspended by ? Pregang. Parasymp.: IX Tympanic n. Plexus (??) Lesser petrosal nerve Postgang. Parasymp.: Auriculotemporal n. to ??

Postgang. sympathetic.: Sup. Cervical ganglion Parotid g.

Submandibular Ganglion
Location: lat. to ?? Suspended by? Pregang. Parasymp.: VII chorda tympani joins the ?? Postgang. Parasymp: Distributed directly to Submand. & sublingual glands Postgang. Sympathetic: From sup. Cervical ganglion.