Lesson 21-3 Magnetic Force

Lesson 21-3 Magnetic Force
Homework

Read pages 773-780 in Holt text. Complete lesson 7-3 in Homework Helpers: Physics. AP Physics Read pages 644-654 in College Physics. Check Moodle for additional assignments from this section.
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Section Objectives Given the force on a charge in a magnetic field, determine the strength of the magnetic field. Use the right-hand rule to find the direction of the force on a charge moving through a magnetic field. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on a wire carrying current in a magnetic field.
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When a charged particle enters a magnetic field, it experiences a force.
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The force experienced by the particle is at a right angle to both its velocity and the magnetic field.
Movie Clip
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This deflection of charged particles by magnetic fields is the basis behind CRT (cathode-ray tube) monitors and T.V.s.
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This effect can even be used to propel a submarine through the ocean.
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The direction of this force can be determined by the extended right-hand rule.
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The direction of this force can be determined by the extended right-hand rule.
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Find the direction of the magnetic field (B) in each of the following diagrams.
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The magnetic force will deflect the charged particle. Because the charged particle changes direction, the direction of the force on it also changes. This results in circular motion.
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Click on the image below to see a moving charge enter a magnetic field.
Movie Clip
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Perhaps, you can see how Earths magnetic field directs charged particles towards the poles, producing auroras.
Movie Clip
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The extended right-hand rule can also be used to find the direction of the force experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
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Click on the image below to see an example of the force experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
Movie Clip
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Click on the image below to try Physlet illustration 27.4: Magnetic Forces on Currents.
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Imagine a current-carrying wire loop in a magnetic field.
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The hand-rule shows an opposite force on each side.
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These opposite forces produce torque.
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This torque is the basis for common devices, such as the galvanometer, motor and generator.
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The magnitude of the force that a charged particle experiences when moving through a magnetic field is given by the formula below.
FB q BSin
Where; q = charge, = velocity of the charge, B = magnetic field strength and is = the angle between the field and the velocity vector.
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When the velocity of the particle is perpendicular to the field, the simplified version of the formula can be used, because sin 90o = 1
FB q B
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The angle between the velocity vector and the magnetic field must be taken into account.
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Example 1. A proton entering a magnetic field with a velocity of 3.7 m/s at an angle of 55.0o experiences a force of 3.4 x 10-3 N. Find the strength of the field.
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Example 1. A proton entering a magnetic field with a velocity of 3.7 m/s at an angle of 55.0o experiences a force of 3.4 x 10-3 N. Find the strength of the field. q = 1.60 x 10-19 C = 3.7 m/s Given: = 55.0o FB = 3.4 x 10-3 N Find: B
3.4 x 10-3 N FB Solution: B q sin ((1.60 x 10-19 C)(3.7 m/s)(sin55.0o ))

= 7.0 x 1015 T
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The magnitude of the force that a currentcarrying wire experiences in a magnetic field is given by the formula below.
FB BI Sin
Where; B = magnetic field strength, I = current, = length, and is = the angle between the field and the orientation of the wire.
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When the wire is perpendicular to the field, the simplified version of the formula may be used.
FB BI
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Example 2. A wire segment with a length of 1.3 m has a steady current of 6.2 A through it. What is the magnitude of the force it would experience in a magnetic field measuring 2.3 x 10-4 T if the wire is orientated 7.5o to the magnetic field?
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Example 2. A wire segment with a length of 1.3 m has a steady current of 6.2 A through it. What is the magnitude of the force it would experience in a magnetic field measuring 2.3 x 10-4 T if the wire is orientated 7.5o to the magnetic field?
Given: I = 6.2 A = 7.5o Find: FB
= 1.3 m
B = 2.3 x 10-4 T
Solution: FB BI sin = (2.3 x 10-4 T)(6.2 A)(1.3 m)(sin 7.5o) = 2.4 x 10-4 N
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Two parallel currentcarrying wires exert on one another forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
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If the currents are in the same direction, the wires will attract.
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If the currents are in the opposite direction, the wires will repel.
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Summary
The extended right-hand rule can be used to determine the direction of the force experienced by a charged particle moving through a magnetic field. The extended right-hand rule can also be used to determine the direction of the force experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
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Summary - Formulas
FB q BSin
FB BI Sin
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Lesson 21-3 Magnetic Force

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Lesson 21-3 Magnetic Force