Global System for Mobile Communication

Presented By: Deepika Sharma Dept.Of Computer Engg.

Topics Covered
GSM Introduction
GSM Network Architecture GSM Basics

Channelisation Methods Multiple Access Methods

GSM Introduction

GSM

Global System for Mobile communication

Also called Global Standard for Mobile communication

Standard defined by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

What does GSM Offer?

Voice with better Quality Services (PIN, Call barring, Call forwarding, Call transfer, Call waiting, Call Holding, Closed User Group) Value added services (SMS, MMS, Caller Tune etc) And of course - Mobility

GSM Network Architecture

GSM Network Architecture

OSS

SMSC BTS 1 HLR BTS 3 BSC MSC VLR VMSC EIR

AUC

NSS MS BTS 2 BSS

PSTN N/W

Mobile Station (MS)

Mobile Station (MS) consist of two units
Mobile Hand set SIM - Subscriber Identity Module

- Provides user an access to the Network. - Each handset has unique identity no. called IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)

- SIM is a removable module fits inside the Mobile handset. - Each SIM has unique number called IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity). - Also it stores Network specific information like Authentication Key (Ki), Local Area Identity (LAI). - The SIM also stores other carrier specific data such as SMSC (Short Message Service Centre) number, Service Provider Name (SPN), Value Added Service (VAS) applications. - It contains the ROM of 6 to 16KB, RAM of 128 to 256 bytes and EEPROM of 3 to 8KB.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

BTS has a set of Transceivers to talk to MS. One BTS covers one or more than one cell. Capacity of BTS depends on no of Transceivers. BTS is connected to BSC via Abis interface. Transmission rate on Abis is 2 Mbps. Interface between MS & BTS is called Air I/f. Speech Transmission rate on Air I/f is 13 Kbps. BTS controls RF parameters of MS. Each Transceiver has 8 TDMA channels to carry Voice & signalling.
Antenna Arrangement BTS

Base Station Controller (BSC)

BSC controls several BTSs. BSC manages channel allocation, Power Control of MS/BTS & Handover of calls from one BTS to another BTS. BSC is connected to MSC via A interface.
BSC

Transmission rate on A I/f is 2 Mbps.

Interface between BSC & BTS is called Abis I/f. BSC has database for all of its BTSs parameters. BSC provides path from MS to MSC.

Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)

MSC manages all call related functions and Billing/Charging related information. MSC is connected to HLR & VLR for subscriber identification & routing incoming calls. MSC capacity is in terms of no of subscribers. MSC is connected to BSC at one end and with different network on other end. Call Detail Record (CDR) is generated for each & every call in the MSC.
MSC

Visiting Location Register (VLR)

MSC VLR

Active Subscriber is registered in VLR.

It has temporary data base of all the active subscribers used for their call routing. HLR validates subscriber before registration. MSC ask VLR before routing incoming call.

Home Location Register (HLR)

MSC HLR

All Subscribers data is stored in HLR. It has permanent data base of all the registered subscribers. HLR has series of numbers for all subscribers.

Authentication Centre (AUC)

MSC HLR AUC

Authentication is a process to verify the subscriber SIM. Secret data & verification algorithm are stored in to the AUC. AUC & HLR combined to authenticate the subscribers.

Subscriber authentication can be done on every call, if required.

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

MSC EIR

All subscriber's mobile handset data is stored in EIR. MSC asks mobile to send it IMEI & then checks it with data available in EIR. EIR has different classification for mobile handsets like, White list, Grey list & Black list. According to category the MS can make calls or can be stopped from making calls.

Operation & Maintenance Centre (OMC)

All the network elements are connected to OMC.
OMC

OMC monitors health of all network elements & carry out maintenance operation, if required.
OMC link to BTSs are via parent BSC.

OMC keeps records of all the faults occurred.

OMC can also do Traffic analysis. OMC may prepares MIS Report for the network.

VMSC & SMSC

MSC SMSC VMSC

Voice Mail Service Centre : To provide Voice Mail service. It has database for all the VMS subscribers & also stores voice messages for them. Short Message Service Centre : To provide text message service. To send short messages from mobile to another mobile subscriber. Messages can also be sent by Manual Terminal connected to SMSC.

GSM BASICS

Channelization

Channelisation can be done primarily by three methods:

FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)

FDMA
Power Time

Frequency
Television Channels (Star, Zee, Sony,..)

TDMA
Power
Time

Frequency
GSM has 8 timeslots on each 200 KHz channel

Duplex Access Methods

Amplitude Time

Tx

Rx

F1

F2

Frequency

Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Transmit on one frequency and receive on another frequency

Amplitude

Time Division Duplex

Time

Rx Tx F1 Frequency
Time Division Duplex Tx and Rx is on the same frequency but on different times

E.g.. Walky Talky

GSM Air Interface

GSM Air Interface

Separate Bands for Uplink and Downlink

Downlink : 935- 960 MHz Uplink : 890- 915 MHz