By: Roxana Patricia Ramirez Jos Miguel Flores English Grammar II

Change of pronouns

Present simple
Present continuous Past simple Past Continuous Present Perfect Future "willShall Future going to

Past simple
past continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect would" should was / were going to

PRESENT We eat healthy food ---------She said (that) they ate healthy food. PRESENT CONTINUOUS We are eating healthy--------She told him (that) they were eating healthy food. PAST SIMPLE We ate healthy food -----She said (that) they had eaten healthy food. PAST CONTINUOUS We were eating healthy -----She told me (that) they had been eating healthy food. PRESENT PERFECT We have eaten healthy -------She said that they had eaten healthy food. FUTURE We will eat healthy food -----She said that they would eat healthy.

When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes / no questions connect the reported question using 'if'. When reporting questions using question

words (why, where, when, etc.) use the

question word.

When someone gives us advice in direct speech we use 'suggested' or 'recommended' in reported speech. example: Direct John: 'You should take a holiday' Reported: 'John suggested that I took a holiday.'

Today
"I saw him today", she said.

That day
She said that she had seen him that

day.
Yesterday "I saw him yesterday", she said. The day before She said that she had seen him the day before.

he day before yesterday

"I met her the day before yesterday", he said.

Two days before

He said that he had met her two days before.

The day after tomorrow

in two days time/ two days later

"We'll come the day after

tomorrow", they said.

They said that they would come

in two days time/ two days later.

Next week/month/year

the following week/month/year

"I have an appointment next week", she said.

She said that she had an appointment the following week.

Last week/month/year "I was on holiday last week", he told us. ago "I saw her a week ago," he said. this (for time) "I'm getting a new car this week", she said. this/that (adjectives) "Do you like this shirt?" he asked

the previous/week/month/year He told us that he had been on holiday the previous week. before He said he had seen her a week before. that She said she was getting a new car that week. the He asked if I liked the shirt.

here He said, "I live here".

there He told me he lived there .

In order to change an imperative sentence into the indirect speech, we use a to-infinitive. A that clause is also possible in some cases. Note that instead of said we use one of the following reporting verbs:

Advise, command, request, suggest, order, propose,, instruct

etc.

Direct Speech Speech Can "I can stay here until Sunday" until Sunday May Might "I may go fishing next weekend" fishing next weekend Will Would "I will stay here!" Must Had to "I must work everyday" everyday

Reported

Could He said he could stay there

He said that he might go

He said that he would stay there

He said he had to work

Note the ways in which reported speech can differ from direct speech.

Reported and Direct speech DIRECT SPEECH I am happy REPORTED SPEECH No quotation marks He says that she is happy

What is she
doing? When will they leave? She said I must leave

No question mark
He wants to know what she is doing Statement word order He knows when they will leave. Third person pronouns She said that she had to leave