ANAM WAQAR L1F08BBAM2147 SAIRA ISMAIL L1F08BBAM2150

Population

Environment

Managing the environment

The Atmosphere Global Warming Ozone Depletion Bio-diversity Forest and Ocean

 Rain Forest Pollution Natural Resources

World Energy
Minerals, land and water

 Industrialization Global threats Environmental effects

For Example: The Worlds major fisheries in international waters are not owned by any state; they are a collective good.

 Worldwide drop of fish catches1990 Tragedy of commons UN Conference in Sweden in 1972 Second in Nairobi, Kenya in 1982 Third in 1992 Fourth in South Africa in 2002

 Climate change Long term rise in the average temperature Emission of Carbon dioxide

 Change in weather patterns Droughts Floods Disruption of Natural Resources

 Greenhouse gases

80% from Industrialized countries

25% from US alone

1997 Kyoto Protocol

 2nd Major Atmospheric Problem Screens out harmful ultraviolet rays Chief Culprits---- CFCs 1987 Montreal Protocol

 Tremendous Diversity of Plant and Animal Species

 Loss of micro organisms 1992 treaty on biodiversity

 Source of International Conflicts Three aspects of Natural Resources i.

Operation of an industrial economy

ii. Particular territories iii. Unevenly Distribution

 A Collective Good

Problem
Regional or mutual

issue
Strongest Effects

More Tangible Effects

 Caused by Air Pollution Crosses Borders In 1988 --- 24 European states

signed a treaty
United States & Canadas mutual

agreement

 Crosses Borders (Industrial Pollution)

For Example:
1970 ---- US & Canada border pollution

problem

 Special Problem

Send to third world countries

For Example: Pennsylvania

 Brazil, Indonesia, Malaysia and

Madagascar For Example

The World Bank has been criticized by

environmentalists for providing

technical assistance and investment to build large dams in environmentally sensitive third world areas.

 70% of the earths surface long termenvironmental

damage
belong to no state

For Example Drift nets

Solution--- Enclosing UNCLOS Treaty

 National economy

Mineral production
Exporters of minerals

 Water depletion

Water as a source of international conflict

Conflict between Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and

Israel
Territorial water create new problem

 Damaging effect of Gulf war

Destortion of jungles in Vietnam

Depletion of ozone layer by Missiles and

Aircrafts

 World Population Trend Population Policies Womans Status Mortality and AIDS Other Infectious Diseases Smoking

 Half Worlds population is just in six countries

(India, China, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Indonesia)

Population in next 50 years Effect of women status and literacy reduced

population growth
Short term cost long term benefit

 Chinas policies towards population control

Indias policies towards population control

Pronatalist

 Vary from one state to another UN commission International Economic Aid Programs

 Infant Mortality Rate Death rate vary from one state to another Death rate in poor countries Death rate in industrialized countries Causes of Mortality ( AIDS, Other infectious diseases and Smoking)

 Can spread international

(through business, Tourism, Migration and military operations)

Collective good problem Drug therapies International aid from Kofi Annan and Bush

Causes of AIDS

(growing sex slave trade, lack of knowledge)

 Tuberculosis, Malaria, Hepatitis,

Dengue fever, Cholera

Death of 1.5 million people per year

due to T.B
Poorly understandable diseases
Epidemics among animals

Vaccination programs

 High usage in poor countries Worldwide rate of smoking New marketing campaign

 Unequal distribution of resources

(enough food, water land, enough petroleum)

Environmental damage

For Example: Soil erosion

Water table depletion