INTRODUCTION WORKING and OPERATION. APPLICATIONS. ADVANTAGES. DISADVANTAGES.

Smart dust devices are tiny wireless micro-

electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) that can detect everything from light to vibrations.

 Smart dust as small as a grain of rice is able to

sense, think, talk and listen. These are helping wireless systems to become cheap and as small as dust particles and hence, it is going to become much easier to lay out sensor networks for a large variety of reasons.
Smart dust is tiny electronic devices

designed to capture mountains of information about their surroundings while literally floating on air.

The devices are called MOTES, are intended to be the size of a grain of sand, or even a dust particle. They each would contain sensors, computing circuits, bidirectional wireless communications technology and a power supply. Motes would gather data, run computations and communicate that information using twoway band radio between motes at distances approaching 1,000 feet.

 The signals are sent at radio frequencies.

It applies free space optical transmission

of signals. The optical are emitted by the MOTES using Active and Passive transmitters. They are received by BTS(Base Station Trans-receiver). The signals from BTS are received by the Photo detector and sensors on the Motes.

 The energy stored by it is about 1J per day

and is stored in thick film battery. When line-of-sight path is available, passive transmitters are used. The non-line-of-sight transmission is done by the active transmitters using beam steering. The BTS has image receiver that decodes the information. BTS contacts with several motes present in its receiver field.

SOME OF THE DEVICES

 Environmental monitoring (temperature,

wind, pollution, changes in climate). Providing more security in vehicular traffic. National security measures (monitoring and guarding borders). Agricultural monitoring (monitoring grow conditions). Mobile Networking. Water consumption monitoring.

 Small in size, Less power consumption

(microwatts level), Less maintenance. No complex circuitry required as it does need any modulating devices & filters. The Active transmitters reflect the signals at kilohertz range enabling high frequency transmission. These small motes can be used to establish a denser network to monitor any system at more than a kilometer range.

 An unbroken line of sight is required for the

transmission using Passive transmitters. The transmitting and receiving fields of the dust motes should match with that of the BTS. Power supply needs to be revised as solar cells sometimes may not be effectively working. Denser mote network has to be

Smart Dust facilitates innovative methods of interacting with the environment, providing more information from more places. It will help in establishing a cheap and wide spread distribution of sensor systems. It will help in new measuring and monitoring methods which were earlier