Presented By:

Kunipah

CLAUSES (Part II)

Ulil S.N
Vindhy A.P

S (Subject) P (Predicate) O (Object) C (Complement) A (Adverb

Indirect Object (Oi)

Direct Object (Od)

e.g:

[S (Tom) P(showed) O(his etching)].

[S (Tom) P(showed) Oi(me) Od(his etching)]. [S (Tom) P(showed) Od(his etching) APP(to me)].

Subject Complement (Cs)

Object Complement (Co)

e.g:

[S (Joe Walcott) P(was) Cs(a great boxer)].

[S(Everyone) P(Considered) O(Joe Walcott) Co(a great boxer)].

 Phrase which identifies the person addressed. e. g: Come into the garden, VocNP(Maud).
Vocative is OPTIONAL NOTICE: The different in role between the vocative in Imperative clauses and the subject in declarative clauses:
Voc (Jock), pay attention!) NP (Cf. SNP(Jock) pays attention.)

e.g: But gee, Alice, you must be kidding me now, baby.

ij

Voc

S
O

cj

Notice: We have thrown away the optional element, we are left with a nucleus [S P O]

E. g:
E. g:
* The chef talked. [SP] * The chef talked a story. [SPO]

* He always put it there in the evening. [S A P O A A] * Actually, he sold her the book cheap, too, darling. [A S P Oi Od C A Voc]

* The chef served lunch. [SPO]

* The chef served me lunch. [SPOiOd]

[SPO]

: Gladys keeps a pet python

[SPOC] : Gladys is keeping Archie happy [SPOA] : Gladys keeps her pet python in the bath [SPOiOd]: Gladys is keeping Archie a piece of pie [SPC] [SPA] : Gladys is keeping very fit : The piece of pie is keeping well

Active clauses [S(Jim) P(caught) O(the ball)]

Passive clauses (the ball) O(was caught) {by Jim}]

Active clauses [S(She) P(Served) Oi(me)]

Passive clauses [S(I) O(was served) {by her}]

 [The best thing would be Cli[P(to tell) O(everyone)]. Infinitive

Clause

-ing Clause

[Cling[P(Having) O(pointed ears)] is a characteristic of Vulcans].

[Clen[P(Educated) O(at Eton)], he published his translation of Homer at the age of 16]. -en Clause

But alas, the two ugly sisters had gone home without her.

Se MCl cj ij S P A A

NP

VP

AvP

PP

M d

M e

M Aj

H N

Perf

Ved

H n p

H pn

[But alas, (the two ugly sisters) (had gone) (home) (without her)].

But alas, the two ugly sisters had gone home without her.