In a NUTSHELL:

the fundamentals of

by: jairus magdadaro

 study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities.

Pharmaceutics

Pharmacokinetics study of what the body does to the drug or how body
deals with drugs.

Pharmacodynamics the study of what drug does to the body (MOA) Pharmacotherapeutics - the use of drugs and the clinical indications for
drugs to prevent and treat disease.

Enteral route absorbed into the systemic circulation through oral or gastric
Oral Sublingual Buccal Rectal

mucosa, the small intestine, or rectum.

Parenteral route
Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous Intradermal Intrathecal, intraarticular

Topical Route
Skin

Eyes
Ears Nose Lungs vagina

 Tablet mixed with inert binder and compressed into a hard mass. Pill drug and binder are rolled into a sphere.

Troche/Lozenge flavored tablet that dissolves in the mouth.

Capsule

- drug container is made of gelatin. Elixir sweet, aromatic, dilute alcoholic solution of a drug. Tincture alcoholic extract of a drug. Syrup drug in a concentrated sugar solution. Suspension an aqueous solution of an insoluble drug. Solution an aqueous preparation of a soluble drug. Emulsion one liquid distributed in small globules in another liquid. Gel a colloidal suspension of a drug. Suppository drug in a waxy or fatty medium.

 Transdermal Patch a bandage-like system with controlled release of the drug

from a reservoir. Ointment/ Cream/ Lotion/ Liniment/ Paste drug incorporated with a solutin of a drug. Ampule a glass container with a solution of a drug. Vial a glass container with a drug in powder or crystal form.

A CLOSER LOOK..
Generic Name: mandatory as promulgated in RA 6675 (Generics Act of 1988) to emphasize the scientific basis for the use of drugs in order that health

professionals may become more aware and cognizant of their therapeutic effects. to ensure the adequate supply of drugs with generic names at the lowest possible cost and endeavor to make them available for free to indigent patients.
Dosage: to ensure that correct dose is administered

to avoid overdose and

underdose. It includes number of capsules, tablets and etc.

A CLOSER LOOK..
Route:

To properly administer the drug to achieve its efficacy and desired effects.
Frequency:

To be properly guided of how many times should the certain drug be given in a day

to achieve the desired therapeutic effects of the medication.

Timing:

To maintain the efficacy of the drug (given that weve achieved its peak action). To avoid resistance from the drug (especially to antibiotics).

A CLOSER LOOK..
Mechanism of Action:

to be fully equipped on the action of the drug inside your body to fully understand

why certain drug has this distinct effects. for us to answer various and unending queries of the patient and/or significant others when taking the drug (thats exhausting!)
Indication:

to be knowledgeable on what specific purpose are you really trying to achieve in

giving a particular drug. ex: captopril hypertension = P: lower down BP

A CLOSER LOOK..
Contraindication:

to avoid untoward effects unto the patient worsening then the condition and may

even lead to fatal complications and/or earlier death. special precaution to people hypersensitive to certain ingredient found in the drug.
Effects:

To know what to expect and/or observe that the client will manifest upon

administration of the particular drug. Main Effects desired therapeutic effect. Side Effects expected, well-known reactions that result in little or no change in patient intervention. Adverse Effects more severe, undesirable and unexpected effects occuring even at normal dose.

A CLOSER LOOK..
Nursing

Responsibilities

to be fully aware of the necessary steps that should be done prior, upon, during, and

after the administration of drug.

A nurse must..
Check for the following:

chief complaint
past medical history family history drug history health management reproductive history personal and social history health risk history

 Do health teachings about:

Therapeutic use and outcomes Monitoring side and adverse effects medication administration (especially when patient will be discharged out from the

hospital)
Observe Rights of Drug Administration:

Right Client Right Drug Right Dose Right Time Right Route Right Assessment Right Documentation

Right to education Right Evaluation Right to refuse Right Approach Right Drug to drug interaction Right drug to food interaction
Verify components of drug order:

Date and time order is written drug name drug dosage frequency and duration of administration Any special instructions for withholding or adjusting dosage.

 physician or other health care providers signature or name if TO or VO signature of licensed practitioner taking TO or VO

Must be checked three times: Doctors order Medication Sheet Medication Ticket

 White once a day (OD) Red as needed (PRN) Green every 4 hours (8am, 12nn, 4pm, 8pm, 12nn) Pink every 8 hours or three times a day (TID) [8am,

1pm, 6pm] Orange every 6 hours (12nn, 6am, 12nn, 6pm) Yellow every 12 hours or twice a day (BID) [8am, 6pm] Blue four times a day (8am, 12nn, 4pm, 8pm)

 because we are NURSES!

be fully equipped with knowledge and we will be more confident and more reliable for the patient and the significant others. patients cooperation is a guarantee. patients trust will be easily gained and established. rewarding for yourself that youre on the right track and you have done all of those correctly. guilt-free feeling. an avenue for an exchange of friendship and connection.