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Kompetensi yang diharapkan Mahasiswa memahami penerapan marka DNA untuk membantu proses seleksi, Mahasiswa mampu memahami pemanfaatan teknologi marka DNA untuk menggabungkan beragam karakter ke dalam suatu kultivar (pyramiding).
Content
Definition and objectives Marker assisted selection (MAS) MAS breeding scheme Marker assisted backcrossing (MAB) Case study of MAS Pyramiding Combined approach (phenotypic + molecular)
Gambaran: Molecular Breeding- Gen fragrance (aromatic) padi terpaut dg DNA marker RM515
F TAGGACGACCAAAGGGTG R TGGCCTGCTCTCTCTCTC
Chrom. 11
gen pengendalli karakter (QTL) yang terpaut dengan DNA marker pada padi
Molecular Breeding?
Penggunaan teknologi marka DNA yang terpaut atau letaknya berdekatan dengan lokus target tertentu (pengendali karakter) atau marka DNA yang digunakan sebagai alat bantu karakterisasi fenotipe suatu individu. Asumsi: marka DNA tersebut dapat diandalkan (reliable) Tujuan: membantu proses seleksi (indirect selection: seleksi berbasis DNA marker- mengeliminasi individu yang tanpa DNA marker). meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi seleksi dan penggabungan karakter-karakter
It is difficult to combine numerous important traits simultaneously into cultivars, markerassisted breeding gives geneticists/breeders a versatile set of tools that can augment, as well as verify, traditional selection techniques Mol. Breeding overcomes these limitations by performing an easy lab test (DNA extraction- PCR- Electrophoresis-Visualisasi)
In Gh Pu QR
13 primer pairs selected for use in further studies These reveal 69/453 polymorphic bands (15.2%) Results indicate very little variation between accessions from India, Ghana, Tanzania & Madagascar
Cross plants, e.g., high oil cultivated with wild disease resistant
F2
Phenotypic screen of all progeny usually requires mature plants Limited by number of plants than can be brought to maturity and screened.
Selected progeny then backcrossed with cultivated variety to remove undesirable traits
h1 h2 h1 h2
1 1 2 2
CONVENTIONAL BACKCROSSING
P1 x P1 x F1
P2
P1 x P1 x F1
P2
BC2
BC2
Pyramidin g:
Pyramiding
References
Collard B & Mackill D. 2008. Marker-assisted selection: an approach for precision plant breeding in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B 363:557-572. Graham I. 2007. Towards the development of new Jatropha varieties: molecular and biochemical analysis of toxic and nontoxic lines. Biology to Benefits Society. Univ of York. Semagn K, Bjornstad A and Ndjiondjop MN. 2006. Progress and prospects of marker assisted backcrossing as a tool in crop breeding programs. African Journal of Biotechnology 5:25882603. Jena KK and Mackil DJ. 2008. Molecular marker s and their use in marker-assisted selection in rice. Crop Science 48:12661276.
Quick review Molecular breeding? Why use molecular breeding? Advantages? Disadvantages? Draw breeding scheme: conventional & MAS (MAB)? Pyramiding?