HUMAN cloning

By: DEA GITA RANDA PUTRA DEA YOLANDA DESI SURESMI DIAN FEBRY YOMI Group : 2 Class : IPA 3
LOGO

Basic things you need to know I. GENES Genes are strings of chemicals that help create the proteins that make up your body. Genes are found in long coiled chains called chromosomes. They are located in the nuclei of the cells in your body:

LOGO

BASIC THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW

II. EMBRYO In sexual reproduction a child gets half its genes from its mother (in her egg) and half from its father (in his sperm):

LOGO

WHAT IS human CLONING?

Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. Cloning is an asexual form of reproduction. All the child's genes would come from a body cell of a single individual:

LOGO

Stem cells
STEM CELLS Stem cells are primordial cells capable of developing into a variety of types of cells.

Some stem cells are found in the adult body. Others are found in very early embryos.
These stem cells can be cultured in petri dishes and potentially used to generate "therapeutic tissues" or "spare organs":

LOGO

Stem cell

LOGO

Cloning process
Preparing stem cells: an initial cell which will grow into various cells of the body. These cells taken from humans who want cloned. Stem cells taken the cell nucleus that contains genetic information and then separated from the cell. Prepare the egg cell: a cell taken from female volunteers then essentially separated. The core cells from stem cells implanted into an egg cell The egg is triggered to occur division and growth. After dividing (day two) into embryonic cells. Embryonic cells that continue to divide (called a blastocyst) begin to separate themselves (day five) and is ready implanted into the womb. The embryo in the uterus grows into a baby with a genetic code identical to the donor stem cells. Understanding the process of cloning and above that produce new individuals and have a genetic trait that is "identical" (same). The nature of "identical" is what will try to be discussed in the corridors of space - time of the cloning process.

LOGO

Put the cell into egg cell

LOGO

Son or brother?
Who is the clonal child's genetic mother or father? As we understand those terms, a clonal child wouldn't have a genetic mother or father, it would have a single 'nuclear donor.' If a man cloned himself, would the child be that man's son or his twin brother? It would be neither, it would be a new category of biological relationship: his clone.

LOGO

Human cloning benefits

Here are some human cloning benefits. Infertility Treatment: Human cloning could bes a blessing for infertile couples, as reproductive cloning does not involve the fusion of the sex cells. Treating Diseases: As already discussed, therapeutic human cloning can be used to treat a number of degenerative diseases like those of the nervous system, spinal cord injury and organ failure. Also who knows, it could also be used to regenerate whole limbs. This would provide a life changing line of treatment for amputees. Replacing Defective Genes: Defective genes would cause sickness in an individual, however healthy a lifestyle he leads. Advances in human cloning will help him to replace the defective genes with healthy ones . LOGO

Human cloning drawbacks

Now for some human cloning drawbacks. Low Success Rate: Cloning technology is still at its infancy. Experiments with animals show that the success rate of animal cloning is quite low. More than 90% of the efforts to produce a viable offspring in animals have failed.

LOGO

 Expensive and Extensive Procedure: Cloning Dolly involved 277 eggs. Out of them only 30 started to divide and 9 induced pregnancy. Only 1 out of them survived to term. Disorders In Off-springs: Cloned animals tend to have weak

immune systems, due to which they are prone to infections.

Such organisms often show tumorous growths, other disorders and tend to die young. For example a group of

Japanese scientists who had cloned a dozen mice reported

that the animals died early.

LOGO

LOGO