ZAINAB JAVED DP-108-240

ASSIGNMENT ON AMOXICILLIN

AMOXICILLIN

DRUG NAME(GENERIC) CHEMICAL CLASS THERAPEUTIC CLASS PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS CHEMICAL STRUCTURE MECHANISM OF ACTION PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PHARMACOKINETICS INDICATIONS AND USES CONTRAINDICATIONS PRECAUTIONS PREGNANCY AND LACTATION PEDIATRIC USE GERIATRIC USE SIDE EFFECTS DRUG INTERACTIONS ADVERSE DRUG REACTON DOSAGE FORMS PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DOSES

AMOXICILLIN
DRUG NAME(GENERIC):
AMOXICILLIN

CHEMICAL CLASS :
AMINOPENICILLIN

PHARMACOLOGICAL CLASS:
BROAD SPECTRUM PENICILLIN

THERAPEUTIC CLASS:
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENT(ANTIBIOTIC)

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Amoxicillin cause bacterial cell lysis by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell

wall peptidogylcan. This interference occurs in 2 steps: 1. Attachment to PBP on bacteria 2. Inhibition of transpeptidase enzyme that cross links the peptide chains attached to back bone of peptidoglycan. Amoxicillin also inactivates the inhibitor of autolytic enzymes leading to bacterial cell lysis.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MOLECULAR FORMULA DENSITY

C16H19N3O5S MOLECULAR WEIGHT 365.404 g/mol WATER SOLUBILITY 3430 mg/L PHYSIAL STATE Solid MELTING POINT 194C

320 g/ml BOILING POINT 743.2C

PHARMACOKINETICS
Route of administration is oral, intramuscular and

intravenous. Onset of action is 30 mints. Peak plasma level is 1 to 2 hr. Duration of action is 6 to 8 hr. Oral absorption is rapid and bioavailability is 93%. Plasma protein binding is 18%. It crosses placenta and minor amount crosses blood brain barrier. Volume of distribution is 15L/70kg Metabolized in liver(less than 30%) and excreted in urine Half life is 1.7hr and clearence is 10.8L/h/70kg.

INDICATIONS AND USES

AMOXICILLIN is used in following conditions 1. Infections of EAR,NOSE and THROAT 2. Infections of LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT 3. Infections of SKIN 4. Infections of GENITOURINARY TRACT 5. GONORRHOEA,ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED ANO-GENITAL and URETHRAL INFECTIONS. 6. H.pylori eradication to reduce risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence.

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND PRECAUTIONS

Amoxicillin is contraindicated in patients with

history of previous hypersensitivity reaction to any of the penicillins or any component of formulation. Amoxicillin is used in following conditions with precaution; I. Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins II. Renal insufficiency III. Repeated or prolonged therapy.

 Pregnancy category B. safety for use in

USE IN PREGNANCY,LACTATION,PEDIATRICS AND GERIATRICS

pregnancy has not been established. Amoxicillin is excreted in milk in traces, so it can be used with caution. In pediatrics, amoxicillin elimination can be delayed due to incomplete development of renal functions, so dose should be modified. In geriatrics, renal function is decreased so care should be taken in dose selection and renal function should be monitored.

SIDE EFFECTS
CNS:

Fever, headache RESPIRATORY: Anaphylaxis, respiratory distress GIT: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea HEMATOLOGICAL: Anemia, bone marrow depression SKIN: Rash

DRUG INTERACTIONS
CHLORAMPHENICOL,TETRACYCLINES, MACROLIDES:

inhibits anti-bacterial activity of amoxicillin. So, amoxicillin should be administered 3hr before these drugs. ATENOLOL : its serum level is decreased by amoxicillin PROBENECID: slows the rate of renal tubular secretion of amoxicillin.

ADR and DOSAGE FORMS

Hypersensitivity is main ADR associated with

amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is available in following forms: a) INJECTIONS b) TABLETS c) CAPSULES d) POWDER FOR INJECTION

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
TRADE NAME AMOXIL MANUFACTU DOSAGE RER FORMS GSK caps inj STENGTH 250mg,500m g 250mg,500m g PRICE 62.09,149.8 338.4,533.3

WYMOX

Wyeth

Caps susp Caps susp

250mg,500m 299.3,304.7 g 38.26,50.04 125mg,25omg 250mg,500m 310.42,749.2 g 39.04,51.21 125mg,250mg

PRINCIMOX

BMS

ZOXICILLIN

Zafa

Caps drops
Caps drops

250mg,500m g 100mg/ml

32.25,60.00 20.55

SKYMOX

Hamaz

250mg,500m 258.52,455 g 22.27 125mg/1.25ml

DOSES
ORAL: Adult 250mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severe

conditions Child 125mg every 8 hrs, doubled in severe conditions INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION: Adult 500mg every 8 hr Child 50-100mg/kg daily INTRAVENOUS INJECTION: Adult 500mg every 8 hr Child 50-100mg/kg daily

DRUG STABILITY
PROTECT THE PRODUCT FROM

HEAT,LIGHT,MOISTURE ORAL SUSPENSION (reconstituted solution) SHOULD BE STORED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE.AFTER RECONSTITUTION,STORE AT 2-8C AND DISCARD AFTER 14 DAYS.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION