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DIRECT SPEECH
CHARACTERISTICS:
It is original quotation of a talk It is always placed between two quotation marks It is always preceded by Capital letter
Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct speech when the introductory verb position is in the front Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the introductory verb position is placed after or between the direct speech
The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!), question mark (?) that point type of sentence of direct speech do not change
Eg.
- Where do you live? she asked - My mother says to my sister: Wash your hands! - She yelled at me: Dont have the door open!
INDIRECT SPEECH
It is a kind of report sentence (reported speech) It retells ones talk or idea It undergoes certain modification
1. Imperative (Command/request)
The reported is a command Because of a command so that it does not know subject The verb in direct imperative does not change
Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to sleep, to open
It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by Be + adjective/adverb! like: be quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be here
POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
She told me to go away She ordered her to go away
I said, Be quite! Be quiet! she yelled at the children She begged, Be happy!
Please help me! she toldShe asked him to help her him ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:
DIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH
She told me not to go away She ordered her not to go away
She asked him not to come there She commended them not to come there I begged us not to be noisy I suggested the children not to be noisy
Dont be lazy! she said She advised Laila not to be lazy to Laila Dont worry about it! She She told him not to worry about it said to him
Declarative (Statement)
A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH I He/She You me/he/she/them/I/him/her My his/her Our their/our Your My/his/her
Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place DIRECT SPEECH now today tomorrow INDIRECT SPEECH then that day the next day the day after the following day a day later the after the following
next
Declarative (Statement)
B. Adverb of time and Place
DIRECT SPEECH last ago yesterday the day before yesterday here this these INDIRECT SPEECH the before the previous the preceding before earlier the day before the previous day the preceeding day two days before there that those
Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Past Future Past Future Continuous Past Future Perfect Past Future Perfect Continuous
Declarative (Statement)
C. Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH Past Simple Past Continuous Past Perfect INDIRECT SPEECH Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect
Ought to + verb 1 been Could + verb 1 Might + verb 1 Should + verb 1 Would + verb 1
ought to + have + verb 3 / could + have + verb 3 / been might + have + verb 3 / been should + have + verb3 / been would + have + verb 3 / been
Examples:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
Andi: I will go now. Rani: They love me. Ive been writing, Dina answered
Andi said that he would go then Rani told me they loved her Dina answered that she had been writing Mother told that she had been sick the day before
3. Interrogative (question)
a. Preceded by Auxiliary
When the question is preceded by auxiliary that needs yes/No answer it will be used the conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech The steps how to make indirect speech:
The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly changed to be statement It then follows the rules before
Example
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Doctor: Do you usually take a nap? It is firstly changed to be: You usually take a nap Doctor asks if/whether I usually take a nap
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Mary: Are you a student? It is firstly changed to be: You are a student
INDIRECT SPEECH
Example
DIRECT SPEECH John: May I borrow your car?
Preceded by Question Word (QW)
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Andi: How do you spell your name?
- It is firstly changed to be: You spell your name INDIRECT SPEECH Andi asked how I spelt my name
Example
DIRECT SPEECH
Sophia: Where can you keep your money safely?