Hardy cross method

Assuming flow distribution in

network and balancing resulting
headloss
hf=K Qn
hf= headloss;K=constant (size of
pipe,internal conditions,units);
Q=discharge;n=1.85(H-W eq.
used)

Hardy-Cross Method (Procedure)

1. Divide network into number of
closed loops.
2. For each loop:
a) Assume discharge Qa and
direction for each pipe. Apply
Continuity at each node, Total
inflow = Total Outflow.
Clockwise positive.
b) Calculate hf=K Qan for each
pipe. Retain sign from step (a)
and
c) compute sum of total head
loss in pipes having clockwise
& anticlockwise direction of
flow,call it S hf.

f) Calculate hf / Qa for each

pipe and sum for loop
Shf/ Qa.
g) Calculate correction
q =-S hf /(1.85Shf/Qa).
NOTE: For common members
between 2 loops both
corrections have to be made.
As loop 1 member, q= q1 - q2.
As loop 2 member, q= q2 q1
h) Apply correction to Qa,
Qnew=Qa +q.
i) Repeat the procedure till
q<0.2m3/min or
q<10% of flow in that pipe

Problem 1
12

m3/min

350mmf,
330m

200mmf,500m

0.5
m3/min

200mmf,330m
10m3/min

200mmf,500m

D
1.5
m3/min

Problem 1
12

m3/min

200mmf,500m

0.5
m3/min

1m3/min
350mmf,
330m

200mmf,330m

11m3/min
0.5m3/min
10m3/min
1m3/min
200mmf,500m

D
1.5
m3/min

Solution 1(trial 1)
Line Dia D Length Assumed flow Q1 C
(mm)

(m)

m3/min)

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

AB 200
BD 200

500
330

1
0.5

0.0167
0.00833

100
100

AC 350
CD 200

330
500

11
1

0.18333
0.01667

100
100

q1=

(m3/s)
(m3/m
in)

-S hf /(1.85Shf/Qa).

Solution 1(trial 1)
Line

Dia D Length Assumed flow Q1 C

(mm)

(m)

m3/min)

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

AB
BD

200
200

500
330

1
0.5

0.01666667
0.00833333

100
100

1.382686 82.9612
0.253141 30.3769

AC
CD

350
200

330
500

11
1

-0.18333333 100
-0.01666667 100

5.049505 27.5428
1.382686 82.9612
223.842

q1=

q =-S hf /(1.85Shf/Qa).

(m3/s)

0.011582

(m3/min)

0.694944

Solution 1(trial2)
Line Dia D
(mm)

Length Assumed flow Q2 C

(m)

AB 200

500

BD 200

330

AC 350

330

CD 200

500

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

0.01667+0.01158 100
2=0.02824867
0.01991533
100
H1=
-0.1833+
100
0.011582=
0.1717513
0.00508467
100
H2=
(m3/s)
q2=
(m3/mi
n)

3.669862

129.913

1.268658
4.93852
4.475251

63.7026

0.153776
4.629027

30.2431
249.915

-0.00067
-0.04016

26.0566

Problem 2
Solve the following pipe network using Hazen William Method CHW =100

63 L/s

3
pipe

4
2
37.8 L/s

1 305m

150mm

2 305m

150mm

3 610m

200mm

4 457m

150mm

5 153m

200mm

5
25.2 L/s

Problem 2
Solve the following pipe network using Hazen William Method CHW =100

63 L/s

24

3
pipe

11.4

4
2
37.8 L/s

1 305m

150mm

2 305m

150mm

3 610m

200mm

4 457m

150mm

5 153m

200mm

5
25.2 L/s

Solution 2(loop1,trial1)
Line Dia Length Assumed flow C
D
Q1
(mm)

(m)

L/sec)

(m3/sec)

H/Q

(m of water)

1
2

150 305
150 305

24
11.4

0.024
0.0114

100 6.721649 280.069

100 1.695739 148.749

200 610

39

0.039

100 -8.13079 208.482

Hf=

q1=

(m3/s)
(m3/min)

0.286595
-0.00024
-0.01458

637.3

Solution 2(loop2,trial 1)
Line Dia D
(mm)

Length Assumed C
flow Q1
(m)

m3/min)

(m3/sec)

150

457

12.6 0.0126

2
5

150
200

305
153

11.4 0.0114
25.2 0.0252
q1=

H/Q

(m of water)

100 3.057644

242.67

100 -1.69574 148.749

100 -0.90911 36.0758
H2= 0.452796 427.495
(m3/s)
0.000573
(m3/min)
0.034352

Pip Dia Len 1st adj

e
gth
st
Q hf
(m
m) (m)

adj
adj
he
3rd st
ad
2n st
d
hf/ Q hf hf/ Q hf hf/ (m)
Q
Q
Q

Problem 3
Calculate the flows in various pipes of the circuit and
the residual pressures at all points of the network
Input pressure A=23m,C=100

Q=0.085m3/s

300mmf,660m

200mmf,330m

0.004m3/s

0.025m3/s

200mmf,330m

0.025m3/s

200mmf,660m
150mmf,
330m

150mmf,330m

E
0.008m3/s

150mmf,660m

F
0.023m3/s

Q=0.085m3/s

300mmf,660m
0.057m3/s

200mmf,330m

0.004m3/s

0.028
m3/s

0.025m3/s

B
0.032
m3/s

200mmf,330m

0.014m3/s

0.025m3/s

200mmf,660m
150mmf,
330m

0.01
m3/s

150mmf,330m

0.021
m3/s
0.002m3/s

E
0.008m3/s

150mmf,660m

F
0.023m3/s

Solution 3(loop 1 trial 1)

Line Dia D

Length Assumed flow C

Q1

(mm)

(m)

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

AB 300
BD 200

660
330

0.057
0.032

100
100

2.464232
3.050527

43.2321
95.329

AC 200
CD 200

330
660

-0.028
-0.014

100
100

-2.382812
-1.321948

85.1004
94.4248
318.086

(m3/s)

-0.00308

q1=

Solution 3(loop 2, trial 1)

Line Dia D Length Assumed C
flow Q1
(mm)

(m)

(m3/sec)

H/Q

(m of water)

CD 200
DF 150

660
330

0.014
0.021

100 1.321948
100 5.680739

94.4
271

CE 150
EF 150

330
660

-0.01
-0.002

100 -1.43979
100 -0.146634

144
73.3
582

q1=

(m3/s)

-0.00503

Solution 3(loop 1 trial 2)

Line Dia D Length Assumed flow Q2 C
(mm)

(m)

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

AB
BD

300
200

660
330

0.05392
0.02892

100
100

2.223567
2.529673

41.2383
87.4714

AC
CD

200
200

330
660

-0.03108
-0.0140.00308+0.005=
-0.01205

100
100

-2.890263
-1.001621

92.9943
83.1221

304.826
q2=

(m3/s)

-0.00153

Solution 3(loop 2 trial 2)

Line Dia D
(mm)

Leng
th
(m)

CD

200

660

DF

150

CE
EF

150
150

Assumed C
flow Q2

(m3/sec)

H/Q
(m of water)

100

330

0.0140.00503
+0.00308=
0.01205
0.01597

100

3.42305

214

330
660

-0.01503
-0.00703

100
100

-3.05966
-1.500363

204
213
714

q2=

(m3/s)

1.001621 83.1

0.000102

Class problem 1
Example: Obtain the flow rates in the network shown below.
90 l/s
A

55

600 m

B
45

254 mm
10

35
600 m
152 mm

600 m
254 mm
C

+ve
600
152 mm

15

15

60l/s

66600
E

600 m
152 mm

600 m
152 mm

Correct the flows as shown below:

90 l/s
A

63

B
49

27
C

14

60 //s

11
E
30 l/s

Correct flows again for the third trial

90 l/s
65
A

B
52

25
13

C
60 l/s
8

E
30 l/s

Final Water Flows

Final Water Flows
90 l/s
66 l/s
53 l/s

24 l/s

13 l/s
60 l/s
7

30 l/s

6 l/s

Problem 1