EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM BY LATEST TECHNIQUES

Presented By :Sahil Chauhan Mechanical 7th Sem 2508501

WHAT IS PETROLEUM?
Petroleum is derived from two Greek words Petra which means Rock

and Oleum which means Oil.

It is also called Crude Oil Its a natural occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex

mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights.

It occurs in the form of fossil fuels when large quantities of dead

organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure.

COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM
Composition by Weight of Element
Element Carbon Percent range 83-87%

Hydrogen
Nitrogen Oxygen Sulfur Metals

10-14%
0.1-2% 0.05-1.5% 0.05-6% <0.1%

Composition by Weight of Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon Paraffins Naphthenes Aromatics Asphaltics

Average 30% 49% 15% 6%

Range 15-60% 30-60% 3-30% Remainder

EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM
Various steps in Extraction of Petroleum are: Locating the Oil Field

Drilling
Oil Extraction and Recovery Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery Tertiary Recovery

LOCATING THE OIL FIELD

Geologists use seismic surveys to search for geological

structures that may form oil reservoirs. The "classic" method includes making an underground explosion nearby and observing the seismic response This provides information about the geological structures under the ground. The Latest method being used is the detection of oil through Seismic Survey Vessel.

DRILLING
The oil well is created by drilling a hole into the earth A steel pipe (casing) is placed in the hole, to provide

structural integrity to the newly drilled wellbore. Holes are then made in the base of the well to enable oil to pass into the bore Finally a collection of valves is fitted to the top, the valves regulating pressures and controlling flows.

DRILLING MACHINE

Oil Extraction and Recovery

PRIMARY RECOVERY

During the primary recovery stage, reservoir drive

comes from the natural mechanisms.

Natural water displaces oil downward into the well. Recovery factor during the primary recovery stage is

typically 5-15%

PRIMARY RECOVERY

SECONDARY RECOVERY
After natural reservoir drive diminishes, secondary

recovery methods are applied. External energy is supplied into the reservoir in the form of injecting fluids to increase reservoir pressure. Injecting fluid used can be CO2 or any other low density gas. Recovery factor during the primary recovery stage is about 30%.

SECONDARY RECOVERY

TERTIARY RECOVERY
This type of method is used where oil is thicker and

heavier than normal crude oil. Steam is injected into the oil reservoir to increase its mobility and thus reducing viscosity This method is also called Thermally Enhanced Oil Recovery method (TEOR). Recovery Rate is 5-15%

TERTIARY RECOVERY

RECOVERY RATES
The amount of oil that is recoverable is determined by 3 major factors:
Permeability of the Rocks
The Strength of Natural Drives Viscosity of the Oil

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