More than half the world lives on less than $2 a day

PRBs 2005 World Population Data Sheet reveals persisting global inequalities in health and well-being
Presentation by Bill Butz, Carl Haub, Linda Jacobsen, and Roger-Mark De Souza of the Population Reference Bureau, August 23, 2005

2005 POPULATION REFERENCE BUREAU

The Demographic Divide: The example of Tanzania and Poland

Tanzania Population 2005 (millions) Population 2050 Lifetime Births per Woman Annual Number of Births Percent of Population Below Age 15 Percent of Population Age 65+ Life Expectancy at Birth Annual Number of Infant Deaths Percent Living Below US$2 a Day 36.5 71.4 5.7 1,500,000 45 3 44 105,000 73

Poland 38.2 32.4 1.2 355,000 14 20 82 2,400 <2

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Global population growth: A developing country phenomenon

Billions
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Developing countries Developed countries

5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 4 2 5 4 0 2 0 5 0

2 0

3 0

0 2

Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.
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Europe is the only world region projected to decline in population by 2050.

Millions
457 326 778 549 668 728 1,941 885 5,385 3,875
2050 2005

North America

Latin America/ Caribbean

Europe

Africa

Asia

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In the developed countries there are fewer and fewer young people, more and more elderly (2005).
Millions Age

80+ 70-74 60-64 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 10-14 0-4 300 200 100 00 100 200 300
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
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Males

Females

The young population of the developing countries has great growth potential (2005).
Millions Age
90+ 80-84 70-74 60-64 50-54 40-44 30-34 20-24 10-14 0-4 300 200 100 00 100 200 300

Males

Females

Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision.
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Indias fertility has declined in fits and starts.

Births per 1,000 population 40
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Birth rate stabilizes following unpopular birth control program during the emergency of the 1970s

Resumption of gradual birth rate decrease

1 0 2

0 2

Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System.

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Fertility varies widely across the states of India.

Children per woman
Kerala T amil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Karnataka Orissa Gujarat Haryana Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Bihar Uttar Pradesh
Source: Registrar General of India, Sample Registration System, 2002.
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1.8 2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.8 3.9 4.3 4.4

Thailand represents a smooth transition to below-replacement fertility.

Children per woman
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1950- 1955- 1960- 1965- 1970- 1975- 1980- 1985- 1990- 1995- 20001955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: United Nations Population Division and Population Reference Bureau.
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Family planning program officially begins

Fertility is higher in the United States than in most other developed countries.
Children per woman
South Korea Italy Japan Germany Spain Canada United Kingdom Netherlands Sweden Australia France United States
Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.
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1.19 1.26 1.28 1.3 1.3 1.49 1.72 1.73 1.74 1.77 1.9 2.03

Fertility differs considerably among race and ethnic groups in the United States.
Children per woman
White, nonHispanic Asian/Pacific Islander Black, nonHispanic 1.86

1.87

2.03

Hispanic

2.79

Mexican
Source: National Center for Health Statistics.
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2.88

People are living longer than ever before in the U.S., but gaps in life expectancy between blacks and whites persist.
Years
85 80 75 70 65
Black male White male White female Black female

60 55

0 0 0 2

Source: National Center for Health Statistics.

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Infant mortality for blacks has remained twice as high as infant mortality for whites since the early 1980s.
Infant deaths per 1,000 births
25 20 15 10 5 0

Black, non-Hispanic

Hispanic

White, non-Hispanic Asian

1 0 0 2 2

Source: National Center for Health Statistics.

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Decreases in the rates of child poverty have not closed the gap between minority and white children.
Percent living in poverty
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
White, non-Hispanic Black

Hispanic

2 0 0 2 2

Source: Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics.

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In many parts of the world, rural populations still lack access to safe drinking water.

Sub-Saharan Africa South-Central Asia East Asia Western Asia Latin America/Caribbean Eastern Europe North America

45

82 80 94 69 94 73 69 96 81 99 100 100 95
Rura l Urban

Source: Based on UNICEF, End-Decade Databases, January 2005.

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Six of the top 15 energy users are lowincome countries.

Total energy use, in millions of metric tons of oil equivalent, 2002
Iran, Islamic Rep. Indonesia Mexico Italy Brazil Korea, Rep. United Kingdom Canada France Germany Japan India Russian Federation China United States 133 156 157 172 190 203 226 250 265 346 516 538 617 1,228 2,290

Source: World Bank, 2005 World Development Indicators: table 3.7.

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High-income countries have the highest energy use per capita.

Energy use per capita, in thousands of kilograms of oil equivalent, 2002
France New Zealand Netherlands Belgium Sweden Australia Saudi Arabia Norway Singapore Finland T rinidad & T obago United States Canada Kuwait United Arab Emirates
Source: World Bank, 2005 World Development Indicators: table 3.7.
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4.5 4.6 4.8 5.5 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.1 6.9 7.1 7.9 8 9.5 9.6

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