Healthcare Waste

Solid Waste 1 3 Kg / Bed / day

Liquid Waste 300- 400 Lts / Bed / day

Distribution of Solid Waste

80% :General hospital waste which may be dealt with by the normal domestic and urban waste management system. 15% :Pathological and infectious waste. 1% :Sharps waste.

3% :Chemical and pharmacological waste.

Less than 1% special waste, such as radioactive or cytotoxic waste, or broken thermometers and used batteries.

General Waste
Paper / Cardboard 45%
Food waste 10% Metal 10%

Pathological & Infectious Waste

Body Parts, Path Waste, Blood Bags, Pleurevacs

Plastic 15%
Wood 3% Glass 7% Other 10%

Cultures & Stocks, Blood Items, Liquid Wastes

Bio-medical Waste
Waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining to the production or testing of biological products.

The Waste Under Consideration May Arise

Hospitals / Clinics / PHC Laboratories Research establishments Blood Bank Mortuary / Animal Houses

Health Hazards Poor BMW

Hospital waste when not managed properly presents an ugly sight to the eye. Amputated parts, placenta and even hospital garbage is an aesthetic, emotional and psychological problem.

Noscomial / HAI Infections - Reuse of infected material especially syringes, needles, tubing and bottles etc.
The disposal of hospital waste can be very hazardous particularly when they are mixed with municipal solid wastes and are deposited in uncontrolled landfills.

Environmental hazards Poor BMW

1. Toxic emissions like dioxins, furan gases , carbon sulphur particles from defective inefficient incineration. 2. Indiscriminate disposal of incinerator ash / residues.

3. Air born infections

Groups most at risk

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Health care providers - Doctors, Paramedical staff, Laboratory workers Blood Bank workers Animal care personnel Waste handlers Laboratory workers Laundry workers General public

CONCEPT OF BIO- MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste Collection Procedure

Generation/ minimization of waste Waste segregation Collection of waste Transportation Storage of waste End treatment Disposal of waste

Separation of bio medical waste to be done at source (in different Color coding bags) Waste materials should be kept into appropriate color coded bags When waste containers are full they should be sealed Checking should be done that waste bags are effectively sealed Direct contact with waste must be avoided

Dressing Room

Color Coded Bins

Four different coloured bags are kept across the hospital.

In Red, all plastic materials like IV set, Catheter set, syringe and infected plastic materials are disposed.
In Green, all general waste like paper and kitchen waste generated are disposed. In Yellow, all infected gauze piece, blood stained cotton, used cotton, dressing material and human parts are disposed. In Blue, sharp items like needles, glass pieces, blades, used vials are disposed.

Check that waste bags are effectively sealed. Bags should not be clasped against the body and too many bags should not be carried at a time. Avoid the bag hitting the body when being carried. Staff should know the appropriate cleaning and disinfection procedures in case of accidental spillage and how to report an incident. Porter should wear protective clothing, like gloves, etc. If the bag is soiled, it should be placed in another clean bag of the same color. Under no circumstances should anyone insert their hands into any waste container

Waste routes should be segregated from patient routes.

Located within the hospital premises, but away from food storage or food preparation areas. Large enough to contain all the waste produced by the hospital, with spare capacity to cater for collection. Easy to clean and disinfect, with an impermeable hard-standing base, plentiful water supply and good drainage, lighting and ventilation. Should have adequate cleaning equipment, protective clothing and waste bags and containers located nearby. Should be easily accessible to collection vehicles and authorized staff, but totally enclosed and secure from unauthorized access, and especially inaccessible to animals, insects and birds. No waste is stored at the central storage facility for more than 24 hours.

Waste Storage

Various techniques for waste disposal are:

Incineration Chemical Disinfection Land filling

Central Treatment Facility , Mumbai

THANKS...........