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AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Prof Farah Naz Naqvi 1
Sectors of Economy
A nations economy can be divided into various sectors to define the proportion of the population engaged in the activity sector. This categorization is seen as a range of distance from the natural environment. The range starts with the primary sector, which concerns itself with the utilization of raw materials from the earth such as agriculture and mining. From there, the distance from the raw materials of the earth increases.
Prof Farah Naz Naqvi 2
Sectors of Economy
Primary Sector The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activities associated with the primary sector include agriculture, mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and quarrying. The packaging and processing of the raw material associated with this sector is also considered to be part of this sector. In developed and developing countries, a decreasing proportion of workers are involved in the primary sector.
Sectors of Economy
Secondary Sector The secondary sector of the economy manufactures finished goods. All of manufacturing, processing, and construction lies within the secondary sector. Activities associated with the secondary sector include metal working, automobile production, textile production, chemical and engineering industries, aerospace manufacturing, energy utilities, engineering and bottlers, construction, and shipbuilding. Tertiary Sector The tertiary sector of the economy is the service industry. This sector provides services to the general population and to businesses. Activities associated with this sector include retail and wholesale sales, transportation and distribution, entertainment (movies, television, radio, music, theater, etc.), restaurants, clerical services, media, tourism, insurance, banking, healthcare, and law. In most developed and developing countries, a growing proportion of workers are devoted to the tertiary sector.
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Sectors of Economy
Quaternary Sector The quaternary sector of the economy consists of intellectual activities. Activities associated with this sector include government, culture, libraries, scientific research, education, and information technology. Quinary Sector Some consider there to be a branch of the quaternary sector called the quinary sector, which includes the highest levels of decision making in a society or economy. This sector would include the top executives or officials in such fields as government, science, universities, nonprofit, healthcare, culture, and the media. An Australian source relates that the quinary sector in Australia refers to domestic activities such as those performed by stay-athome parents or homemakers. These activities are typically not measured by monetary amounts but it is important to recognize these
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INTRODUCTION
The largest sector of Pakistan economy employing its half of the working force and producing 1/4th of the GDP Provide raw material for two major industries of Pakistan (textile and Sugar ) Creates demand for equipments, machinery, fertilizers, chemicals, electricity and transportation.
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INTRODUCTION
The growth in agriculture sector has not been satisfactory due to old cultivation methods, small holdings, natural catastrophe, pest attacks. Agriculture largely depends on irrigation. With the more commercialization and industrialization of the country, the share of agriculture in GDP is decreasing.
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Although artificial irrigation made it possible to exploit the vast plains for cultivation but poor drainage have raised the underground water level resulted in water logging and salinity. 28 % of cultivatable land is affected 1.614 Million hectors in Punjab, 1.507 M/H in Sind, 0.382 M/H in NWFP and Balochistan, The Total affected area is 3.159 Million Hectors.
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RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Rural development programs were developed to reduce poverty, raise standard of living in rural areas. These programs were given due importance in five years development programs.. The main features of these programs were health and sanity, school education, market development, construction of roads from village to market and construction of bricked water courses.
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CROPS
TWO PRINCIPAL CROP SEASONS KHARIF ( Sowing begins in March April and Harvesting in October , November) and RABI (Sowing in November December and Harvesting in April May) Paddy, Sugar cane, cotton, maize, juwar and bajra are major Kharif crops Wheat, barley, mustard are major Rabi crops.
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COTTON
The most important value added crop of the country 8.2% and 2% of GDP. The estimated out put of cotton is nearly more than 11 Million bales. The total cultivation is 2.794Million hectors. The production and market is normally unstable due to pest attacks, environmental uncertainty and price offered.
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PADDY
2nd largest cash crop which accounts for 5.4% value addition in agriculture and 1.3% of GDP. Production in 2003-4 was 4.848 Million tons. 2.461 Million hectors is cultivation
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SUGER CANE
Value addition to Agriculture is 4.2% and GDP is 1% 1.074 Million hectors are cultivated 53.419 Million tons is estimated production every year.
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WHEAT
13.8% accounts for value addition to agriculture and 3.4% to GDP Area of cultivation is 8.176 Million hectors. Estimate for provisional out put is 19.777 Million tons.
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Minor crops
Gram Tobacco, mustard, bajra, juwar, barley, maize Oil seeds (sun flower, canola) Pulses Chilies Potatoes Onion Garlic
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FARM INPUTS
Fertilizer: Two types of fertilizers Bio and
Chemical. Bio fertilizer is prepared from natural ingredients and the chemical fertilizer is prepared in factories. The natural fertilizer is unable to fulfill the huge requirement of fertility of lands. Pakistan has been importing the fertilizer but now the imports are decreasing and soon Pakistan will be self sufficient in fertilizer production.
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CROP PROTECTION
Uses of Pesticides and insecticides. Manufacturing and import of plant protection chemicals is being encouraged by government. Departments are conducting surveys and educating farmers about the protection of crops from pests and insects and herbs.
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AGRICULTURAL CREDITS
The cost of inputs has been substantially increased due to use of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides and mechanization. Government also wants to increase the agriculture production in the country and encourages farmers through different incentives to increase the cultivation
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AGRICULTURAL CREDITS
In order to coup with the working capital requirement and cost of development of lands for cultivation the Government established specialized agri based financial institutions. Zarai Taraqiati Bank, Punjab Provincial Cooperative Bank. Now the SBP has imposed the mandatory requirement for all the scheduled commercial banks to extend a certain portion of their credit portfolio to agricultural sector.
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LIVE STOCK
The important sector of agriculture which accounts for 49.1% of agri output and 11.4% of GDP. The livestock is integral part of every rural house hold 30 to 35 Million people of rural areas are engaged in live stock production and development. The total live stock population in Pakistan in 2004 was 138.2 Million nearly equivalent to Pakistan human population.
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POULTARY
An important substitute of beef and mutton The government is encouraging poultry production in Pakistan. Provision of easy terms credit, import of poultry plants on duty free basis. Establishment laboratories. Poultry processing plants.
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FORESTRY
25% of the land should be covered with forests for ecological balance In Pakistan it is only 4%. Forests are being removed from mountain areas causing severe environmental problems like shortage of rain fall, increase in temperature, land sliding and dams are being filled with mud.
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FISHRIES
The natural place for Fish is sea, rivers, lakes etc. However due to pollution in water reservoirs, non seasonal fishing and depletion of water resources has seriously damaged the fisheries in Pakistan. The government is trying to promote the fish farming through easy terms loans to fish farmers.
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