Epithelial tissues

Basal lamina

Collagen IV

Glycoprotein Laminin, entactin

Proteoglycan

Basal lamina
Basal lamina is attached to under layer CT by anchoring fibrils of collagen VIII In some instance reticular fibril is associated with BL to form a layer known as reticular lamina Function: support, barrier, regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, influence cell metabolism, a pathway for cell migration

Cell adhesion
Cell-cell adhesion because of membrane glycoproteins called cadherin Intercellular junction: 1. tight junction to seal the cell and prevent flow of materials

Forms a band completely encircle the cell, ridge and grooves are seen Increase the fusion sites decrease the leakage

Zonula adheren: encircle the cells

Gap junction

Desmosomes

cytokeratin

Hemidesmosomes: half desmosome structure

Specializations at the apical surface. Microvilli Projections from the apical surface that vary in number and density. They increase surface area for important transport and enzymatic activity needed at this surface .

At the base of the microvillus, the actin filaments are linked to more actin filaments running horizontally (thin horizontal blue-green cylinders). The horizontal actin filaments form part of a motile "terminal web" that may help move vesicles in the region. They are connected by spectrin binding proteins (white connecting regions .)

Cilia

steriocilia

Covering epith.

Simple . Cuboidal

Simple squamous

Columnar

Simple columnar

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified squamous

Pseudostratified

Transitional

glands
Exocrine Glands Secrete their products via ducts onto the apical (or epithelial) surface. These glands are highly specialized epithelial cells and thus are classified as glandular epithelia. These are the types of glands to be studied today 2. Endocrine Glands Release their products basally which allows secretion to go through the basal lamina, move into the underlying connective tissue, and enter the vascular system. Secretions can affect cells located far away from the endocrine glands. These glands lack a duct system and secrete into the blood or lymph. 3. Paracrine Glands Similar to endocrine glands but secretions reach target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space to affect neighboring cells.

Glandular Epithelia (exocrine glands) are classified based on the six different morphological criteria

1. Unicellular Glands Mucus-secreting goblet cells are the only example of these 2. Location of the secretory cells in relation to the epithelium a. Intraepithelial Glands see Goblet cells; described above b. Extraepithelial Glands all large exocrine glands

 Nature of Secretion a. Serous: A gland cell that produces a thin watery, protein-rich secretion. The cell is often called a zymogenic cell because its secretion is rich in enzymes or enzyme-precursors. Mucous: A gland cell that produces a viscous secretion, which has a lubricating or protective function Mixed (serous-mucous): These glands produce both serous and mucous

 4. Mechanism of Secretion a. Merocrine (a.k.a. Eccrine). No part of the cell is lost, only the secretory product is expelled by the process of exocytosis. It is the most common mode of secretion and is seen in serous, mucous, and mixed glands. b. Apocrine. Part of the apical cytoplasm of the cell is lost. Secretion is discharged within free, unbroken, membrane-bound vesicles. This is a rare type of secretion that is dependent on sex hormones and occurs primarily in apocrine sweat glands and active mammary gland

Shape of Secretory Units

Serous cells
exemplified by pancreatic acinar cells, are glandular epithelial cells specialized for exocrine enzyme secretion. A serous cell's cytoplasm is visibly polarized, with basophilic basal cytoplasm and variouslystaining secretory vesicles (zymogen granules) concentrated in apical cytoplasm. The basal basophilia is due to a concentration of protein synthetic organelles (ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum). The Golgi apparatus is usually located midway along the cell, typically in a supranuclear position.