Low-Incidence Disabilities

Low incidence dsability means a severe disabling condition with an expected incidence rate of less than one percent of the total statewide enrollment in kindergarden through grade 12. *These mean that youre not likely to teach these students unless your
school has a program that brings these students together.

Development Delay Traumatic Brain Damage

Deafblindness Mental Retardation

Autism

LowIncidence Disabilities

Multiple Disabilities

Visual Impairments Other Health Impairments Orthopedic Impairments

Hearing Impairments

Autism
Autism was first indentified by in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner. Professionals now recognize that autism is a unique disorders that occurs in many forms, and they refer this group as autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
*Autism has been rising steadily over the past decade, partly due to better diagnosis.

 ASD is believed to occur in some form in anywhere from 1 in 500 to 1 in 150 in children. This disability affects boys more than girls in a ratio of approximately 3:1 to 4:1. It often occurs with other disorders, including:
Intellectual disabilities Attention disorders Communication disorders

*many individual with autism do not have intellectual

disabilities and may be talented or gifted.

What Causes an ASD? The causes of autism and the other disorders on the spectrum are not known. Researchers are currently studying such areas as neurological damage and chemical imbalances within the brain. These disorders are not due, however, to psychological factors or, as has been widely reported in the press, to childhood vaccines.

Characteristics of students with ASD

Social Relationships Many students with autism resist human contact. *They resist human contact and social interaction from a very early
age and have diff learning social interaction

They do not make eye contact with others. They seem uninterested in developing social relationships. They do not take perspective of others, and do not understand that other peoples interest is different form his interest.

 Communication They face difficulty in social relationship. They often have significantly delayed language development. If they have language skills, they will struggle to maintain a conversation with another people. Some have echolalic speech.
*they repeat what other people have said instead of producing original communication.

 In writing her experiences of being autistic, Temple Grandin *one of the most famous individual with ASD and a university professor wrote that when she was young she simply did not have words to communicate. She sometimes resorts to shouting and screaming. *they might also hit a peer thinking that it is a way of saying
hello. Or run away from class bcs they dont like the assignment given.

Temple Grandin

 Student Interest Autism students have narrow range of interest. *interested in history & will have an expert understanding of the
era.

They can spend hours in the private world of exploration. For other subjects, they will be bored. This behaviour sometimes effects their social relationship.

 Student Stress Students with autism cannot deal with stress well. Particular noises, odour or noisy environment can be stressful for them. Many students respond to stress with stereotypic behaviours. *They do the same action
over&over. Rock rapidly on chair, spin an obj.

Orthopedic Impairments
Students with cerebral palsy (CP) It occurs because an injury to the brain, before, during or after birth. These problem can occur in just the arm or legs, in both the arm and leg, or in combination of limb. For example, CP can affect muscle controlling the head and neck. Intellectually or academically, they can be gifted, average or below average or might have intellectual disabilities.

Orthopedic Impairments
Students with muscular dystrophy (MD) It is a group of disease that weakens the muscle. Students will feel difficulty walking or actively moving about. *Gradually, they will lose their ability to walk & rely on
wheelchair. They also feels tired more easily.

They may have normal lifespan but some died as children or young adult.

 Students with spinal cord injuries Injury occurs in spinal cord and it is severely damaged, resulting in partial or extensive paralysis. Spinal cord injuries are often the result of automobile accident. The characteristic is similar with CP.

Other health impairments

Students with seizure disorders or called epilepsy. It is when the brain experiences sudden but brief changes in functioning. The result is lapse of attention or consciousness and uncontrolled motor movement. Most students take medication to control their disorder.

Epilepsy

Generalized tonicclonic seizures

Absence seizures

Involve whole body.

Student will fall to the ground unconscious, body jerking and stiffens.

Student just blank out for a few seconds.

 Student with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency

syndrome)

AIDS results when students are infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and their body lose ability to fight off infection. Students with AIDS often can attend schools until their illness progress to the point when they lose energy to complete homework. Currently, there is no medication that can cure AIDS.

 Students with cancer. Cancer is an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. The most common form of cancer among children is leukemia and brain tumor Student with cancer will miss significant amount of school because of treatment. Their cognitive functioning may be affected by radiation therapy or chemotherapy.