BONE & CARTILAGE

Elwathiq Khalid Ibrahim University of Kassala October, 2011

Specialized Connective Tissues

Bone Cartilage Blood

Human Anatomy, Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.

Functions of Bone
Maintain body shape Protect internal organs, brain, spinal cord System of levers for the muscle system to act upon Mineral storage Ca2+ and Phosphorus Blood formation: hematopoiesis Surface features for muscle insertions and origins

Bone Structure
There are two main categories of bone :
Compact bone (cortical bone)

Spongy bone (trabecular bone, cancellous

bone)

Two Kinds of Bone

Compact Bone Spongy Bone

Cells of Bone Tissue

Compact Bone
Compact bone is arranged in units called osteons or Haversian systems. Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of osteocytes along with the calcified matrix

Compact Bone
Compact bone is arranged in units called osteons or Haversian systems. Osteons (Haversian canal) contain blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves Surrounding this canal are concentric rings of osteocytes along with the calcified matrix

Connective - Bone
Tree ring-like appearance

Supports & protects Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cell production

Bone Tissue

Figure 4.12j

Bone Matrix
35% collagen organic
Some chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and polysaccharides

65% calcium phosphate minerals hydroxyapetite Combination provides strength and rigidity
Laid down by osteoblasts

Periosteum where you find pain receptors and more vessels

Spongy (Trabecular) Bone

Does not contain osteons. It consists of trabeculae surrounding many red marrow filled spaces. It forms most of the structure of short, flat, and irregular bones Also found in epiphyses of long bones

Spongy Bone

Two Kinds of Ossification

Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification

Centers of Ossification Centers of Ossification

Endochondral Ossification Developing bones are deposited as a hyaline cartilage model Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. All bones of the body except: All roofing bones of the Skull Mandible

Clavicle

Endochondral Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

Cartilage
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic

Functions of cartilage
Rigid, yet more flexible than bone Support and protection Abundant in the fetus and embryo Site of skeletal growth Covers joints Supports nose, ears, trachea, ribs, etc

Cartilage
Jelly-like matrix (chondroitin sulfate) Has NO blood vessels or nerves Surrounded by a membrane called the perichondrium. Chondrocytes occur within spaces in the matrix called lacunae.

Hyaline Cartilage
Most abundant type of cartilage in body Supports while providing flexibility Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) Holds open respiratory passages

Hyaline Cartilage

Figure 4.12g

Supportive Connective Tissue Hyaline Cartilage 400X

chondrocytes in lacuna

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Elastic Cartilage

Figure 4.12h

Fibrocartilage

Figure 4.12i