TWO PHASE FLOW

Submitted To Dr Dilip Sharma

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Presented By: Anant Joshi Manoj Singh

INTRODUCTION

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Daily life example

Carbonated Cold drinks Raindrops falling through air Air fuel mixture in
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CLASSIFCATION

Single-phase flow can be classified according to the 'character' of the flow; i.e., laminar or turbulent multiphase flow is classified according to the internal phase distributions or "flow patterns" or "regimes".
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Flow Regimes in Vertical Flow

Bubble flow. The gas bubbles are dispersed in the liquid with a high concentration of bubbles. The regime typically occurs at high mass flow rates. Slug Flow- When the concentration of bubbles in bubble flow becomes high, bubble coalescence occurs and, progressively, the bubble diameter approaches that of the tube. Once this approaches, the slug-flow (or plug-flow) regime is entered with the characteristics bullet shaped bubbles 5/21/12

Churn Flow- As the gas flow is increased the velocity of these bubbles increases and ultimately, a breakdown of these bubbles occurs. unstable regime in which there is, an oscillatory motion of the liquid upwards and downwards in the tube, thus the name of churned flow is applied. *For narrow-bore tubes the oscillations may not occur and a smoother transition between the slug flow and annular flow may be observed. 5/21/12

Annular Flow- The liquid flows on the wall of the tube as a film and the gas phase flows in the center. Usually, some liquid phase is entrained as small droplets in the gas core. Wispy annular flow- As the liquid flow rate is increased the droplet concentration in the gas core of annular flow increases and, ultimately, droplet coalescence occurs leading to large lumps or streaks as wispy liquid occurring in the gas core. This regime is characteristics of 5/21/12 high mass velocity flows

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Flow Regimes in Horizontal Flow

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Bubble Flow- The bubbles tend to flow at the top of the tube

Stratified flow- Gravitational spread is complete. Liquid flows along the bottom of the tube and gas along the top part

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Wavy flow- As the gas velocity is increased in stratified flow, large surface waves are formed on the gas liquid interface giving the wavy flow regime

Intermittent flow. Further increasing the gas velocity, these interfacial waves become large enough to wash the top of the tube. Intermittent flow is also a composite of the plug and slug flow regimes. 5/21/12

Plug flow- Bullet shape bubbles occur, but they tend to move along in a position closer to the top of the tube

Slug flow- At higher gas velocities, the diameters of elongated bubbles become similar in size to the channel height. The liquid slugs separating such elongated bubbles can also be described as large amplitude waves

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Annular flow- As the gas velocity increases still further the slugs become pierced with a gas core and the flow becomes annular with a thicker film at the bottom of the channel owing to gravitational effects.

Mist flow. Similar to vertical flow, at very high gas velocities, all the liquid may be stripped from the wall and entrained as small droplets in the now continuous gas phase.

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Terms Related To Two phase flow

Void Fraction: Fraction of gas in the flow Liquid Holdup: Fraction of liquid

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Slip Ratio/ Velocity Ratio :Ratio of the velocity of the gas phase to the velocity of the liquid phase. Slip: It is the difference between the velocity of gas and liquid Mass Flux: Total mas flowing per unit time per unit area

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PHASE VELOCITY: It is the volume flux divided by the cross- sectional area covered by the phase

SUPERFICIAL VELOCITY: It is the volume flux divided by the total cross-sectional area of the tube. LockhartMartinelli parameter: It expresses the liquid fraction of a flowing fluid. It is a Dimensionless Number and is used 5/21/12 is in two-phase pressure drop Calculations

Flowing Vapor Quality : It is the Fraction of the Weight of gas in in flow

Static Vapor Quality: When Relative velocity between two phases is zero ie Homogeneous Flow

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FLOW REGIME MAP

presenting results of observations of flow patterns in graphical manner. Axes of such graph represent the flow rates of the two phases; an alternative is to plot total mass flux on one axis and the mass fraction of the flow which is vapor or gas on the other axis lines on the graph represent the boundaries between the various regimes of flow. 5/21/12 The resultant diagram is

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GL and GG are the mass fluxes of liquid and gas phases. is the density, is surface tension, is the viscosity A and W refer to the corresponding values for air and water at atmospheric pressure

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References
Wolverine Engineering corp. ltd. Engineering Data Book III Tutorial on Single- and Two-Component Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer: Commonality and Difference A.A.M. Delil MIT OCW Lecture notes Virginia Tech University OCW lecture notes. Class Notes

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THANK YOU
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