Project Management & Quality Management

Project Management & Quality Management Definition of Quality

Project Management & Quality Management

Project Management & Quality Management

Project Management & Quality Management

Customer satisfaction Understanding, managing, and influencing needs so that customer expectations are met or exceeded Prevention over inspection The cost of avoiding mistakes is much less than the cost of correcting them Management responsibility Success requires participation of all members of the team, but it is the responsibility of management to provide resources needed Continuous improvement Plan/Do/Check/Act cycle
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Quality Management

Quality Management

Quality Management

Quality Management

Quality Management
Addresses both the management of the project and of the product of the project Improves project management as well as the quality of the product Delivery of both high quality and high grade of product Quality is planned in, not inspected in Investments in product quality improvement must often be borne by the performing organization
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Quality Flow Diagram

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Quality Management
Planning Executing Controlling

8.1 Quality Planning

8.2 Perform quality Assurance

8.3 Perform quality Control

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Quality Planning
Tools & Techniques Tools & Techniques

Cost benefits analysis Cost benefits analysis Benchmarking Benchmarking Design of experiment Design of experiment Cost of quality (CCQ) Cost of quality (CCQ) Additional quality planning tools Additional quality planning tools

Inputs Inputs

Enterprise environment Enterprise environment factors factors Organizational process Organizational process assets assets Project scope statement Project scope statement Project management plan Project management plan

Outputs Outputs

Quality management plan Quality management plan Quality metrics Quality metrics Quality checklists Quality checklists Process improvement plan Process improvement plan Quality baseline Quality baseline Project management plan Project management plan (updates) (updates)

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Inputs
Enterprise Environmental Factors - Any or all external environmental factors and internal organizational environmental factors that surround or influence the projects success. Organizational process assets. Project scope statement Documents the major product deliverables and objectives that serve to define important stakeholder requirements. Project management plan.

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Tools & Techniques

Cost/benefit analysis Cost and benefit tradeoffs of meeting quality requirements Benchmarking Comparing actual or planned project practices to other projects Design of experiments Analytical technique that helps identify which variables have the most influence on the overall outcome Cost of quality (COQ) - Determining the costs incurred to ensure quality Additional quality planning tools Include brainstorming, matrix diagrams, flowcharts, and prioritization matrices
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Cost Benefit Analysis

Profit Area

Revenue TC

Income or Expenses
Losses Area

VC

FC Quantity VC = UC x Q At Break-Even Point Revenue = TC SP x QBE QBE = = FC + UC x QBE FC SP - UC QBE Revenue = SP x Q TC = FC + VC SP = Selling Price FC = Fixed Cost VC = Variable Cost TC = total Cost UC = Unit Cost 16 Q = Quantity

Design of Experiment

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Cost of Quality

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Outputs
Quality management plan Describes how the PM team will implement quality policy Quality Metrics Describes what something is and how it is measured by the quality control process Quality Checklist Used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed Process improvement plan such as process boundaries, process configuration, process matrices, and target for improved performance. Quality baseline It records the quality objectives of the project. Project management plan (updates).
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 (Quality management Plan).

Outputs

(Quality Metrics).

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Quality Assurance
Tools & Tools & Techniques Techniques

Quality planning tools & Quality planning tools & techniques techniques Quality audits Quality audits Process analysis Process analysis Quality control tools & Quality control tools & techniqes techniqes

Inputs Inputs Quality management plan

Quality management plan Quality matrics Quality matrics Process improvement plan Process improvement plan Work performance information Work performance information Approved change requests Approved change requests Quality control measurements Quality control measurements Implemented change requests Implemented change requests Implemented corrective actions Implemented corrective actions Implemented defect repair Implemented defect repair Implemented prevented actions Implemented prevented actions

Outputs Outputs

Requested changes Requested changes Recommended Recommended corrective actions corrective actions Organizational process Organizational process assets (updates) assets (updates) Project management Project management plan (updates) plan (updates)

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Inputs
Quality management plan Quality matrics Process improvement plan Process boundaries.

Process configuration. Process metrics. Targets for improved performance.

Work performance information Approved change request

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Inputs (cont.)
Quality-control measurements Records of quality-control testing and measurement, presented in a format useful for comparison and analysis Implemented change request Implemented corrective actions Implemented defect repair Implemented preventive actions

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Tools & Techniques

Quality-planning tools and techniques Benefit/cost analysis Benchmarking Flowcharting Design of experiments Quality audits Structured review of QM activities in order to identify the lessons learned that can improve the performance of this project and of other projects within the organization Process analysis It follows the steps outlined in the process improvement plan to identify needed improvements from an organizational and technical standpoint. Quality control tools and techniques.
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Process Improvement

Act by correcting

Plan for Improvement

Process Improvement Check the results Do on a small scale

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Outputs
Requested changes. Recommended corrective actions Organizational process assets (updates). Project management plan (updates)

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Quality Control
Tools & Techniques Tools & Techniques
Cause and effect diagram Cause and effect diagram Control charts Control charts Flowcharting Flowcharting Histograms Histograms Pareto chart Pareto chart Run chart Run chart Scatter diagram Scatter diagram Statistical sampling Statistical sampling Inspection Inspection Defect repair review Defect repair review

Inputs Inputs

Quality management plan Quality management plan Quality matrics Quality matrics Quality checklists Quality checklists Organizational process assets Organizational process assets Work performance information Work performance information Approved change request Approved change request Deliverables Deliverables

Outputs Outputs

Quality control measurements Quality control measurements Validated defect repair Validated defect repair Quality baseline (updates) Quality baseline (updates) Recommended corrective actions Recommended corrective actions Recommended preventive actions Recommended preventive actions Requested changes Requested changes Recommended defect repair Recommended defect repair Organization process assets (updates) Organization process assets (updates) Validated deliverables Validated deliverables Project management plan 27 Project management plan

Inputs
Quality management plan. Quality matrics. Quality checklists. Organizational process assets. Work performance information Include technical performance measures, project deliverables completion status, and the implementations of required corrective actions. Approved change request. Deliverables.

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Tools & Techniques Cause and effect diagram

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Tools & Techniques (cont.) Control charts

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Tools & Techniques (cont.) Control charts

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Tools & Techniques (cont.) Control charts

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Tools & Techniques (cont.)

Histograms.
A histogram is a bar chart showing a distribution of variables. Each column represents an attribute or characteristic of a problem/situation. The height of each column represents the relative frequency of the characteristic.

Flow Chart
Yes Bills From Shipper No OK Prepare Pay Authorization Send to Paying Office

Verify

Prepare Letter of Dispute

Send to Shipper
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 Pareto Diagram

Tools & Techniques (cont.)

Histogram, ordered by frequency of occurrence, that shows how many results were generated by type or category of identified cause Paretos Law A relatively small number of causes will typically produce a large majority of the problems or defects (80/20 rule)

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Tools & Techniques (cont.)

Run chart- A run chart is a line graph that shows data points plotted in the order in which they occur Technical performance. Cost and schedule performance. Scatter diagram A scatter diagram shows the pattern of relationship between two variables. Statistical sampling Choosing for inspection a part of a population of interest Inspection Measuring, examining, and testing to determine whether results conform with requirements Defect repair review Defect repair review is an action taken by the quality control department or similarly titled organization to ensure that product defects are repaired

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Standard Deviation

Statistical sampling involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection The size of a sample depends on how representative you want the sample to be Sample size formula: Sample size = .25 X (certainty Factor/acceptable error)2

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Example of Standard Deviation

Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Weight (x) 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 4.7 4.8 5.1 (x-)2 0.02778 0.00444 0.00111 0.01778 0.05444 0.18778 0.13444 0.07111 0.00111 0.50000
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Total 45.6

Example of Standard Deviation

Mean () = 45.6 / 9 = 5.066; (rounded to 5.07) Variance Sum of squared differences between mean and each value, (x- )2, divided by number of samples less one or (91=8); thus 0.5 / 8 = 0.0625 Standard deviation Square root of the variance; thus 0.0625 = 0.25 Upper control limit (UCL) = Three standard deviations; thus 3(0.25) + (or 5.07) = 5.82.

The lower control limit (LCL) equals 4.32 or 5.07 - 3(0.25).

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Example of Standard Deviation

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Outputs

Quality control measurements Validated defect repair The required items are re-inspected and will be either accepted or rejected before notification of the decision is provided. Quality baseline (updates) Recommended corrective actions
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Outputs
Recommended preventive actions Requested changes Recommended defect repair Organization process assets (updates)

Completed checklists. Lessons learned documentation.

Validated deliverables Project management plan

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