PRESENTATION

ON
TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTS (stage I)
BY MANISH SONKER

INTRODUCTION

TSI system gives information about the operating condition of turbine Deviation from specified limit is annunciated , so that corrective actions could be taken to prevent the turbine from damage

TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTS

Brg-1 SPEED HPTDE HPTOTE VIBRATION

Brg-2
AXIAL SHIFT ECCENTRICITY IPTOTE CVSM VIBRATION

Brg-3 &4 IPTDE VIBRATION

Brg-5
LPTDE

VIBRATION

AXIAL SHIFT MEASUREMENT

The axial shift measurement system continuously monitors the position of the rotor thrust collar with respect to the working and surge pads of the thrust bearing It also monitor extent of wear and tear of the thrust pads, if any. This system initiates the protection and annunciation circuits, if the axial shift exceeds the permissible limits.

AXIAL SHIFT MEASUREMENT

GENERAL DESCRIPTION The monitoring system comprises the following: Eddy current probes (PRD 08) and the associated cable and signal converters. Axial Shift Monitor (Dm8700) Quad Limit Monitor (Lm8700) Alarm Relay Module (AR 8700) Digital Indicator with Bar graph(M1730)

SHAFT

BASIC PRINCIPAL OF EDDY CURRENT PICKUP

The eddy current probe tip is a dielectric material and a probe coil is encapsulated within the tip. The coil is supplied with a constant RF current from the remote signal converters which setup the electromagnetic field b/w the tip & observed surface. The target material which is an electrically conducting material will have electromagnetic field induce in its surface within the
Electromagnetic field. Signal converter

BASIC PRINCIPAL OF EDDY CURRENT PICKUP

The energy absorbed from the electromagnetic field to produce these eddy current will vary with the strength of the field and hence energizing current in proportional to the probe target distance. Such change are sense by the signal converter where they are converted to a varying voltage signal
Signal converter

ADVANTAGE

SMALL SIZE LARGE LINEAR RANGE PRECALIBERATED FOR THE EASE IN SET UP INCREASED TEMPERATURE STABILITY HIGH IMMUNITY TO DEBRIS, OIL & WATER

AXIAL SHIFT

SHAFT

SAFETY GAP

-92 vdc - v dc

AXIAL SHIFT

SHAFT

SAFETY GAP

-2v dc - 9 v dc

TSI PANEL

SPECIFICATION

INUPT Transducer Types : Eddy current Range of measurement : -2.00mm to +1.50mm Signal Voltage Range : -2 V to -9 V dc. Triping value : -1.7 mm ,+1.2 mm Power Supply : + 15V5%; -15V5%; 100mA. -24V 5 % 30 mA for single probe
OUTPUT Transducer Power Supply Zero Adjustment Range Recorder Output

: -24V DC : 0to 20% of scale : 24 -20mA (load <600 ohms)

DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT

Differential Expansion is a measure of the relative axial expansion of the turbine rotor with respect to casing and helps as a guide to the clearance between the blades and the diaphragm. The relative expansion occurs because the turbine rotor , cylinder, blades and diaphragms are made of different materials and are subjected to different temperature gradients during transit conditions.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION Each monitoring system comprises the following:Two nos. of eddy current probes (PRD 08 & ECD 08) and the associated cable and signal converters Difr. Expa. Monitors (DIM/010/DM8700) Analog /digital Indicator Alarm Relay Module (ARM 010/AR 8700)

SHAFT

DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT

SAFETY GAP ROTOR COLAR

SPECIFICATION INUPT Transducer Types : Eddy current Range of measurement and display DE of HPC : -2.00 mm to +5.00 mm DE of IPC : -3.50mm to +4.00mm DE of LPC : -2.00 mm to +5.50mm Signal Voltage Range : -2 V to -20 V for Eddy current transducer Input Resistance : 100 k Ohms or more Power Supply : + 15V5%; -15V5%; 100mA. -24V 5 % 30 mA for single probe OUTPUT Transducer Power Supply : -24V DC Zero Adjustment Range : 0to 20% of scale Recorder Output : 20/4 -20mA (load <600 ohms) Linearity of Outputs : Better than + or 1%

RANGE

The range of measurement of HPT is -2 to + 5 mm The range of measurement of IPT is (-3.5) to (+4) mm The range of measurement of LPT is (-3 ) to (+ 5.5) mm The range of measurement of AXIAL SHIFT is -2 to +1. 5 mm The range of measurement of OVERALL THERMAL EXP is 0 to +50 mm The range of measurement of CVSM POITIONER is 0 to +300 mm The range of measurement of SPEED is 0 to +4000 mm

OVERALL THERMAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT OF HPT/IPT

This measuring system measures and indicates the overall thermal expansion of the turbine casing . It have a precision wire wound potentiometer as the transducer. -10 V dc applied across the fixed ends of the potentiometer and the output is taken from the wiper. The shaft of the potentiometer engages casing expansion rod by means of rack and pinion arrangement. The change in resistance value of the potentiometer is the indicting of casing expansion.

PRINCIPAL OF CONTROL VALVE POSITION MEASUREMENT

100

900

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

The system consists of the following for each service. The overall thermal expansion detector (CE 83300) OTE monitor (DIM 010/DM8700) Alarm Relay Module ( ARM 010/AR 87000) Digital Indicator

SPECIFICATION INPUT Measuring range Input Signal electronic module Signal Range Power supply

: 0-50mm : DC voltage from : 0 to -10 VDC : -15V DC 5%,

OUTPUT Signal output : Voltage Signal range : -1.0V to -9.0V Linearity and accuracy : better than 1%

Vibration
The vibration detector is the seismic velocity type transducer with a moving coil in a permanent magnetic field. The vibration measurement is carried out on the bearing pedestal. When the bearing pedestal vibrates , the seismic mass will move relative to the magnetic field. This induces an electromotive force in the coil, which is proportional to the velocity of the vibration.

VIBRATION SYSTEM

The monitoring system consist of the following: seismic velocity pick up vibration signal monitor alarm relay module

ECCENTRICITY

Shaft eccentricity is the radial motion of the shaft wrt. Bearing or casing. Radial shaft position is the position of the shaft axis wrt bearing or casing and depends on the operating state of the turbine and on the condition of the bearing. By measuring the shaft eccentricity residual unbalance of rotor can be found

CAUSES OF ECCENTRICITY

TEMPRATURE due to uveven heating and cooling of rotor

MECHANICHAL due to rubbing , wear and tear of bearing

CASING

PROBE

ROTOR

ECCENTRICITY MEASUREMENT

SHAFT ECCENTRICITY

The monitor system comprises the following: Eddy current probe and the associated table and signal converter Eccentricity signal monitor (ESM 010) Alarm relay module (ARM 010) Analog/digital indicator

Specification
The specification given below applies to eddy current probe system 1. Nominal air gap b/w Tip & Target 1.5mm 2. Measuring range 0.5 to 1.5mm 3. Sensitivity 8 volts/mm
4. converted rated o/p 5. o/p impedance 6. Power supply -4 V to -20 V 250 -24 V

CONTROL VALVE POSITION SENSOR

changes in load is reflected through the variation in control valve servomotor position
The detector consist of a wire wound potentiometer in a metal case .

The slider shaft is coupled with the servomotor stem through mechanical linkage and gear train.

CONTROL VALVE POSITION SENSOR

Servomotor Linkage

stem

TURBINE SPEED MEASUREMENT

HALL PROBE METHOD EDDY CURRENT METHOD

BASIC ARRANGEMENT OF HALL PROBES AT BEARING 1

DISK

PERMANENT MAGNETS

N-POLE S-POLE
SENSOR
BRACKET WIRE

HALL PROBE (USED FOR SPEED MEASUREMENT)

PRINCIPLE : Magnetic Field Applied Perpendicular To The Direction Of Drift F = q (E + V*B) In Y direction the force is Fy = q( Ey Vx Bz ) Ey = Vx Bz Ey = Hall Effect HALL VOLTAGE VAB = EY W Ix w Bz Ix

(+)

(-) A
Ey B

Ex

HALL PROBE IN BEARING NO. 1 PEDESTAL

SPEED TRANSDUCER AND SIGNAL CONVERTER

The RPM transducer operates according to the principle of eddy current damping The signal converter contains a high frequency oscillator, demodulator and filter. The inputs and outputs of the converter are protected against wrong connection and wrong polarity of supply voltages

SPEED MEASUREMENT

Functional description
The tacho generator is made up of a 30 teeth slotted wheel speed transducer This electro magnetic field is intercepted by the 30 teeth wheel, whereby eddy currents are generated in the material. This result in an energy loss which reflected in the strength of the return signal. f = N (in RPM) 30 = N/2 (pulses/sec.) 60 Where f = frequency of the signal converter output N= Speed of the turbine

SPEED MONITORING SYSTEM

Eddy current probe with signal convertor and toothed wheel. Speed Signal Monitor (SSM 010) Speed limit monitor (SLM 010) Speed Indicator (SI 4000) Local Speed Indicator (LSI4000) Alarm Relay module (ARM 010)

SPEED MEASUREMENT

SPECIFICATIONS
Transducer and converter Measurement principal Frequency range Power supply Operating voltage range : Eddy current : 0 to 4 KHz : + 15 VDC, :+11VDC to +16VDC : 0.5mm : 0.5 mm to 1.0 mm : 0- 155C : Stainless steel

Nominal distance between Probe and target Operating distance Transducer temp. range Probe body material

DIFFERENTIAL METAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

THERMOCOUPLE IN JOURNAL BEARING

THERMOCOUPLE

BABBIT METAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN JOURNAL BEARING

THERMOCOUPLE

BABBIT METAL TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT IN COMBINED JOURNAL & THRUST BEARING

THERMOCOUPLE

THRUST PAD ARRANGEMENT AND THERMOCOUPLE LOCATION IN COMBINED THRUST AND JOURNAL BEARING

PRAPOSED SCHEME FOR 2/3 LOGIC OF OVER SPEED PROTECTION

CONVERTER

SIGNAL COND CKT

LVM

2/3 LOGIC CARD

TO TRIP
CONVERTER

SIGNAL COND CKT

LVM

2/3 LOGIC CARD

CONVERTER

SIGNAL COND CKT

LVM

N N

SEISMIC MASS TYPE VIBRATION PICKUP

Displacement Monitor(DM 8700)

INPUT -A INPUT AMP

LIMITER -A

O/P MA
SUMMING AMP OUTPUT AMP-1

TEST SIGNAL

O/P-1

INPUT -B

INPUT AMP

LIMITER -B

INVERTOR

OUTPUT AMP-2

O/P-2

INHIBIT COMP

WINDOW COMP

DELAY CKT

LATCH

-24v dc input

BUFFER

-24 v dc