Electrostatic Precipitator

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ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPATATOR

A device which captures the dust particles from the flue gas thereby reducing the chimney emission.
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LOCATION OF ESP

ECO

APH
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ESP

CHIMNEY
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Elevation View
Inlet Screens
Gas Flow Outlet Screen

'egg crate' Flow Straightener Hopper Baffles ID Fan

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General Layout
Flow in from Secondary Air Heater Gas Flow

Chamber 11 (Typical)

Flow to ID Fan & Stack

Flow in from Primary Air Heater

Symmetric Around Boiler Center Line Flow to ID Fan & Stack

Flow in from Secondary Air Heater

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Chamber 12 (Typical)

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ESP
Collector plate Emitter coil

Flue gas

Gas distribution plate

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THEORY OF PRECIPITATION
Six activities typically take place:
Ionization - Charging of particles Migration - Transporting the charged particles to the collecting surfaces Collection - Precipitation of the charged particles onto the collecting surfaces Charge Dissipation - Neutralizing the charged particles on the collecting surfaces Particle Dislodging - Removing the particles from the collecting surface to the hopper Particle Removal - Conveying the particles from the hopper to a disposal point
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1.Electron emission
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ESP PROCESS STEPS Dust layer

2.Dust particle charging
2 3

Collecting electrode, grounded

3.Migration
5.Rapping 4 4.dust collection 5

Discharge electrode with Negative high tension (20-60kV)

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Rapping mechanism
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Working Principle
COLLECTING ELECTRODE EMITTING ELECTRODE

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TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR

A 210MW UNITS
NUMBER OF PASS PER BOILER NUMBER OF FIELD IN EACH PASS EFFICIENCY PRESSURE DROP 4 6 99.9% 20 mmWC

GAS FLOW RATE

INLET TEMPERATURE VELOCITY OF GAS AT ELECTRODE TOTAL TREATMENT TIME
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312.7 m3/sec
136 oC 0.839 m/sec 32.18 Sec
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EMITTING SYSTEM

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EMMITING ELECTRODE STRUCTURE

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FIXING ARRANGEMENT OF EMITTING ELECTRODE

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EMITTING RAPPING MECHANISM

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Emitting Electrode Rapping Motor & Mechanism

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EMITTING ELECTRODE
TYPE SIZE TOTAL NO OF ELECTRODE PLATE / WIRE SPACING SPIRAL WITH HOOKS DIA 2.7 mm 29808 150mm

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COLLECTING PLATE ASSEMBLY

ARRANGEMENT

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COLLECTING ELECTRODE

NO. OF ELECTRODE PER FIELD

144

NO. OF PLATES EACH ROW

TOTAL COLLECTING PLATE SP. COLLECTING AREA

6
3456 214.48 Sq.M/Cu.M/sec

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Collecting Electrode Rapping Mechanism

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Collecting & Emitting Electrodes Collecting electrodes

Emitting electrodes

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Emitting Electrode Rapping Mechanism

Rapping Mechanism

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Transformers and Emitting Rapping Motors

Rectifier Transformer

Rapping Motors

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ESP HOPPER

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FACTORS AFFECTING ESP PERFORMANCE

RESISTIVITY OF DUST PARTICLES FLUE GAS VELOCITY PARTICLE SIZE & FIELD STRENGTH RAPPING FREQUENCY SPARKS RATE HOPPER EVACUATION

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RESISTIVITY OF DUST PARTICLES

Resistivity of dust particles play major role in ESP performance A too high resistive dust does not readilycharge& give up its negative charge to collective electrode whereas low resistive dust particle readily gives up its negative charge and assumes positive charge. Inlet flue gas temp ,sulpher content & moisture content play major role in controlling resistivity of flue gas. Low resistivity 104-107 ohm-cm Normal resistivity108-1010 ohm-cm High resistivity more than 1010 ohm-cm
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FLUE GAS VELOCITY

C.E B A E.E C.E C
FORCE DUE TO VEL.

ELECTRIC FORCE

There are two forces acting on the dust particles having perpendicular to each other as shown in above diagram. The first one is due to flow of gas and the second one is due to electric force on the ionized dust particle perpendicular to the motion of gas. The path followed by the dust particle will be resultant of two forces as shown above. The efficiency of ESP decreases with increase in velocity & decrease in voltage.
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PARTICLE SIZE & FIELD STRENGTH

The efficiency of ESP is governed by DEUTSCH - ANDERSON equation : Efficiency = 1-[e] (-A/Q)

=Migration velocity= r E /2 r =Radius of particle

E =Field strength =Viscosity or frictional coefficient of flue gas A = Effective collecting area of ESP Q = Gas flow through ESP e = 2.718

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RAPPING FREQUENCY
Rapping is also a complex phenomenon in ESP If rapping frequency is too high then it will not allow the dust to deposit on collecting electrode and hence the collection /removal of dust will be difficult. Similarly, if rapping frequency is too low then very thick layer of ash will deposit on C.E. which will cause considerable voltage drop or can cause back corona if resistivity is very high .

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Recommended Rapping Frequency

FIELD NO. TIME INTERVAL RAPS/HR. BET RAPPING(Min)

01 02 03 04 05 06
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3 4 5 8.6 15 20
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20 15 12 7 4 3
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SPARK RATE
Field strength is adjusted in such a way that limited sparks takes place. With some sparks/min. , we are able to create more strong field . The outage due to spark is offset by achieving more strong electric field with limited spark. However, if spark is too high then frequent collapse of field will reduce the efficiency and increase the erosion of emitting electrode.

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TYPICAL ASH COLLECTION

FIELD NO 01 02 03 04 05 06
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STAGE % 66.0 18.49 8.81 3.96 1.74 0.823

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THANK YOU
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