Warm-up

Why are frying-pans and woks usually made of metals but their handles are made of plastic?

Introduction
How is energy transferred from the cooker to the pan and then to the food?

Energy transfer by conduction

Energy is transferred by conduction from the cooker, through the pan, to the food.

Conduction (video) Studying the heat transferred along a metal rod

insulating board copper rod

wax

drawing pins

What happens to these drawing pins?

Conduction (video) What kind of rod conducts heat? Feel the ends of the rods to find out which wood rod feels hot first.
glass

iron copper

very hot water

Conduction (video) What kind of rod conducts heat fastest?

aluminium copper iron

Heat the ends of the metal rods and note which drawing pin at the other end falls first.

drawing pins

Conduction (video) Does water conduct heat?

boiling tube water wire gauze ice

Gently heat the top part of the water & find out if the ice melts.

Conduction (video) Does air conduct heat?

thermometer

Leave the cardboard for a while & then take the temperature readings.

heater cardboard tube

Conduction (video) Does air conduct heat? Leave the cardboard for a while & then take the temperature readings.

Energy transfer by conduction

In conduction, heat (energy) is transferred from the hot part to the cold part. Materials conduct heat at different rates. Metals (e.g. copper and iron) are good conductors of heat. Non-metals (e.g. wood, water and air) are poor conductors (or good insulators).

Energy transfer by conduction

In conduction, heat is transferred from the hot part to the cold part along an object. Conduction is efficient in conductors but not in insulators.

Energy transfer by conduction

Does the orientation of the rod matter?

Does the orientation of the rod matter?

Phoebe heats two metal rods as shown. Which will be heated up first? Why? Both of them are heated up at the same rate. Energy transferred from the hot end to the cold end by conduction is not affected by the orientation of the rod.

Conduction and particle motion

In kinetic theory, particles in a solid are closely packed, they vibrate to & fro but can't change positions.
particles at hot end vibrate a lot particles at cold end vibrate less

Conduction and particle motion

The fast vibrating particles bump into the slower neighbouring particles & make them vibrate more rapidly energy is transferred
(from one particle to the next & from hot to cold end of rod)
particles at hot end vibrate a lot particles at cold end vibrate less

Conduction and particle motion (simulation)

Examples of conduction
How to keep warm?

A cotton jacket keeps warm by trapping air next to the body.

Examples of conduction
How to keep warm?

Polar bears keep warm by trapping air in the fur.

Examples of conduction (video)

How to keep warm?
Birds keep warm by trapping air in their feathers.

Examples of conduction
Hot or cold?
Under the same condition, a metal block feels colder than a wooden block even the 2 objects are at the same temperature. metal easily conducts energy away from your hand you feel cold

In conduction, heat is transferred... In conduction, heat is transferred in which of the following direction?
A B C From high-temperature area to lowtemperature area. From low-temperature area to hightemperature area. The direction of heat transferred is different in metals and non-metals.

Which of the following can explain why a tile floor feels colder than a wooden floor?
A B C D The temperature of the tile floor is lower. Tile is a better conductor of heat than wood. Wood is a better conductor of heat than tile. Tile is smoother than wood.

Frying-pans are made of... Frying-pans are made of metals because they are good _________ of heat, while conductors handles of frying-pans are made of plastic insulators because they are good _________ of heat.