DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC & SYSTEMS ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA

ASSIGNMENT FOR KKKT 6163 MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATIONS

APPLICATION FOR NEXT GENERATION MOBILE DEVICE

Prepared by Muhammad Ridza Bin Mohamad Fauzi P44938

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OUTLINE
Introduction - Challenges - Mobile Ecosystem Location Based Services - Components of LBS - LBS and Its Applications - LBS Architecture in Cellular Network - Limitations of LBS References

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NEXT GENERATION MOBILE APPLICATION

From mobile telephony experience to mobile computing experience
1876 - The birth of the telephone 1876 James Fergursson discovers the twisted-nematic LCD. 1980 Motorola presents the first portable radio "DynaTAC. 1876 Gugliemo Marconi invents the radio

2000 Samsung develops the world's first TV phone - SCHM220.

2007 Apple introduced iPhone 2001 The debut of iPod

2000 Sharp releases the first camera phone J-SH04.

1850

1870

1900

1980

1990

2000

2005

2010

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ARE WE THERE YET?

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MOBILE APPLICATION TODAY

How it is possible? Newer programming techniques such as Asynchoronus JavaScript Technology and XML (AJAX), Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H), J2ME resulting to more interactive application to exist.
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*source : www.mobverge.blogspot.com

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CHALLENGES IN MOBILE APPLICATION BUSINESS

Mobile operators & Equipment Providers No hurry to change They have been successful in making a lot of money with voice and texting services and they control the technology and networks. They have become institutionalised in their way of thinking about technology equipment-centric ( networks, protocols & devices ) dominates the thinking rather than application-centric ( social networks, blogs ) However, mobile business has evolved from traditional service to ubiquitous service.

Operator 'old world' view

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Operator 'new world' view

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

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ARCHITECTURE OF MOBILE ECOSYSTEM

Mobile application paradigms: 1. Client server 2. peer to peer 3. standalone

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

Figure : Mobile Applications Ecosystem

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ARCHITECTURE OF MOBILE ECOSYSTEM

Next generation mobile application is underpinned by a huge variety of technologies, protocols and standards

Social Network - user themselves can be content providers. - form their own modes of communication and find new ways of socialising and social groups such Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. Device Network - provides primary user interface to the mobile services - enable devices to network directly with each other in personal area networks (PAN) or via wide area networks (WAN). - www.google.com/latitude - a location based social networking application.

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ARCHITECTURE OF MOBILE ECOSYSTEM

RF Network - enable device network to interact with other networks (eg. GSM, Bluetooth, WIMAX) - Mobility Management - manage mobility by keeping track of which cell each mobile device occupies at any given moment IP Network - connect the mobile device to the world of information via internet or using its protocols (eg HTTP, WAP) - example of application : Instant Messaging (IM) Content Network - enable various type of mobile devices to retrieve different content types emanating from wide varieties of feeds and sources. - example of application : Youtube Mobile Application

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MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND THE INTERNET

The internet - a universally accessible network of information, people and machines - it represents a significant part of the future of mobile services Why? - most of the content on the internet is free Requirements - Mobile browsers are optimized so as to display web content most effectively for small screens on mobile devices - The application must be small and efficient to accommodate the low memory capacity and low bandwidth of mobile devices. Today, newer mobile browser have the same capabilities as to browser in PC to displays pages written in HTML, XHTML, CSS, WML etc.

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MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND THE INTERNET

*source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_Web_Standards_Evolution_Vector.svg

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MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND THE INTERNET

*source : www.nin.com

Each dot represents a download of a music called The Slip by Nine Inch Nails within that specific geographic region
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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

Definition 1 : LBSs are information services accessible with mobile devices through the mobile network andutilizing the ability to make use of the location of the mobile device. (Virrantaus et al. 2001) Definition 2 : A wireless-IP service that uses geographic information to serve a mobile user. Any application service that exploits the position of a mobile terminal.(OpenGeospatial Consortium, 2005)

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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

Where am I? - at the edge or center of each cell or sector in a cellular network, there is a base station. - mobile management function of a cellular network constantly keeps track of mobiles that are switched on. - if we know which base station a mobile is currently camped on, then we know its rough location with respect to its proximity to the serving base station.

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF LBS

*source : www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/cartouche/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf]

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BASIC COMPONENTS OF LBS

Mobile Devices - A tool for the user to request the needed information. The results can be given by speech, using pictures, text etc.
Communication Network - Transfers the user data and service request from mobile terminal to service provider Positioning Equipment - The user position can be obtained either by using the mobile communication network or by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Service and Application Provider - The service provider offers a number of different services to the user and is responsible for the service request processing Data and Content Provider - geographic base data and location information data will be usually requested from the maintaining authority (e.g. mapping agencies) or business and industry partners (e.g. yellow pages, traffic companies)
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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

2008 Global Start-up Map

In Q1 2008, 43% of all downloads on mobile phones globally were for LBS Services.

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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

Concept & Features of LBS Presence + Location + Context Focus on Youth Market & Messaging Automated Location of User & Message Ping Deals with Content Partners Monetisation through Sponsored Local Search

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LOCATION BASED SERVICES (LBS)

With the ability to determine the location of mobile known, all kinds of applications and services become possible.

*source : http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/cartouche/lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf

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LBS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Buddy Finding Once we have a location-finding system in the mobile network, then the subscribers can be placed on a map.

*source : www.google.com/latitude

Figure: Google Latitude : An example of location based service application.

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LBS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Child Minding If the child leaves the zone, parents will be notified by sending text message. - There are variety of ways that the application might operate ( example : If the child strays from the zone, they could be warned of their erring, giving them chance (time limit) to return to the zone before the parents get notified.

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

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LBS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Panoramio - By integrating Panoramio and LBS, mobile users can discover photos that are taken in the area. - IPL Connect currently developing this idea for its LBS application.

*source : www.IRLconnect com

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LBS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Mobile Social Network - Mobile users can locate their Facebook and Twitter contacts on a map and interact with them on the social network from the map interface.

*source : www.irlconnect.com

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LBS ARCHITECTURE IN THE CELLULAR NETWORK

*source : P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008.

Figure : Location-based services architecture in the cellular network

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LBS ARCHITECTURE IN THE CELLULAR NETWORK

Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC) gathering actual location measurements from devices and for the presentation of this information in a useful and agreeable form to the higher entities in the network. Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) Provide main interface with outside world and makes location information available in terms of subscriber ID Home Location Register (HLR) stores user information that enables device ID to be associated with user ID. - In cellular network, a phone number does not identify a device, but an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) does. Therefore, when asking for a mobile's location, an application probably expects to enquire using a phone number and so translation needs to take place to the IMSI.

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LIMITATIONS OF LBS
- Most of them have small computing and memory resources which restricts spatial search calculations, routing operations and the creation of a user specific mobile map. - battery power, small displays and weather influences on usability (sun makes things showed on a display hardly visible). - there is still a lack on broadband access to communication networks in terms of sending and receiving data.

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REFERENCES
[1] P. Golding, Next Generation Wireless Applications, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. [2] Wikipedia, Mobile Browser, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mobile_browser, 2010, [ viewed 7/3/2010 ].

[3] Wikipedia, Location-Based Service, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Location-based_service, 2010, [ viewed 8/3/2010 ].

[3] R. Ferraro, Ric Ferraro's Blog, http://www.mobverge.blogspot.com, 2010, [ viewed 8/3/2010 ]. [4] S. Steiniger, M. Neun, and Alistair Edwardes, Foundations of Location Based Services, http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/ cartouche /lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf, 2010, [ viewed 8/3/2010 ].
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