Automatic Transmit Power Control

(ATPC)

For internal use only 1 Nokia Siemens Networks

What is ATPC
What is ATPC: Automatic transmit power Control
control DTPC: Dynamic Transmit Power Control MTPC: Manual Transmit Power control ATPC:Is a feature of digital MW radio ,which increases near end station Transmit power when far end station RSL goes below pre defined/set Threshold either due to rain or due to other fades It is a closed loop feature. Holds RSL with in 5dB (hysteresis), of reference/set level Exponentially closes the gap for fast response Up to 30dB dynamic range. Tx Power adjustment in steps of 1dB or Adaptive transmit power

5 dB, Hysteresis

-55 dBm RSL

-60 dBm Rx
Threshold level

Example: If Rx threshold

is set to -60 dBm no output control is made unless RSL goes below -60 dBm or goes above -55 dBm, so that RSL is maintained between -60 to -55 dBm

For internal use only 2 Nokia Siemens Networks

ATPC: How it works

ATPC TX Max Station A

ATPC TX Min Deep Shallow

-55dBm

Rx Threshold (-60dBm)

Station B

Deep

Shallow

For internal use only 3 Nokia Siemens Networks

ATPC Settings

Tx
IDU ODU Site A Tx Max Tx Min Ref Rx

Rx
Tx IDU ODU Site B Tx Max Tx Min Ref

Tx Max.=Nominal (0-30 dB) Tx Min.= Nominal- (0-30dB) ATPC Rx Threshold (reference)= -30 to -70 dBm ATPC will start with Tx Min Power When RSL at the opposite site goes below the reference level, ATPC will start increasing the Tx Power up to Tx Max in 1 dB steps until RSL at the opposite site to be over the reference level ATPC will maintain the RSL with in 5 dB over reference level ATPC control transmits the information on the RSL to the opposite station and controls the Tx level of its own station in accordance with the RSL o0f the opposite station

For internal use only 4 Nokia Siemens Networks

ATPC Settings

Tx
IDU ODU Site A Rx

Rx
Tx IDU ODU Site B

ATPC settings for PDH link 1. Fade margin =40dB( for regions point rain fall rate=120mm/Hr) 2. RSL Min=(-82+40) 42dBm
3. ATPC range= 30dB 4. ATPC RSL reference setting= -72 dBm 5. Minimum reference level setting to be 5dB more than the threshold ie -77dBm ATPC settings for SDH link 1. Fade margin =36 dB( for regions point rain fall rate=120mm/Hr) 2. RSL Min=(-68+36) -32dBm 3. ATPC range= 20dB 4. ATPC RSL reference setting= -52 dBm 5. Minimum reference level setting to be 5dB more than the threshold ie -63 dBm Please note that for Nokia PDH hops the terminology is ALCQ (Adaptive Level Control with Quality Measure)

For internal use only 5 Nokia Siemens Networks

Advantages of ATPC

Reduced average Power consumption Eliminates of Up fade Extended MTBF Limits transmit power to that required to maintain a constant bit error rate (BER)regardless of propagation conditions. the

Improved outage performance due to the reduced influence of adjacent channel Reduced transmit power during clear sky conditions, meaning that the interference resulting from the ATPC link is correspondingly lower., compared to non ATPC links Facilitates operation of co channel links with acute branching angles Improves the frequency reuse factor associated with a given band and geographic area, providing a spectrum efficiency Facilitates mitigation of rain fades( above 10 Ghz) Prevents receiver front end over load in high frequency links( Metro links, Greater than 10 Ghz), designed for high rain fades Facilitates usage of larger Antenna sizes for short haul links ( Metro links) with out overloading the receiver front ends Facilitates reduction of interference levels at Hub locations and in to adjacent links in a frequency congested area.

For internal use only 6 Nokia Siemens Networks

Important aspects to be understood on ATPC

1.During rain Spatio-temporal distribution of rain fields are not uniform and not correlated, Interfering signals are not attenuated in similar proportion to wanted signals, consequently ATPC enabled links may result in increased levels of interference. 2. As the distance increases rain field spatial autocorrelation function falls off approximately exponentially.
3. Introduction of ATPC may give rise to a number of additional outages in the presence of intense rain (~10% increase for a frontal rain event). 10.Judicious adjustment of W/U ratio may be an appropriate technique for reduction of outages due to ATPC 11.ATPC may be more appropriate for combating temporary fading of wanted link rather than interference from the unwanted link (s). Otherwise, a situation may arise where two ATPC systems repeatedly increase their Tx power in response to each others interference until both are transmitting at their maximum Tx power. This situation negates the purpose of ATPC

For internal use only 7 Nokia Siemens Networks

Impact of ATPC during rain(co channel operation)

Co Channel Operation In the below NW ATPC is enabled for all the 4 Links Link1: Is subjected to rain fade.RSL ofODU1reduces.Tx power of ODU2(siteB) increses.High Tx level of ODU2(site B) interfere with ODU1(siteA) of Link 2 Link2:Consequent to this RSL of Link2 of ODU1(SiteA) reduces.Tx Power at ODU2 (SiteC) increases.High TX level of ODU2(SiteC) of Link 2 interfere with ODU1(SiteA) of Link3.Similary with ODU1 of Link1 This process continue until both sites are transmitting to their maximum Tx power. It is noticed that in few geographies ATPC has resulted in 10% additional outages during rain SiteE ATPC SiteA Site A ATPC Adjacent Channel Operation Impact is same as co channel links. However adjacent frequency spot links may not be subjected to similar additional Outages during rain like co channel links in ATPC enabled links SiteA ATPC
ODU1

LInk1 ATPC

Rain

SiteB
ODU2

ATPCTX level High

SiteA ATPC

ATPC ATPC
For internal use only 8 Nokia Siemens Networks

SiteC TX level Low

SiteD

Mitigation of ATPC induced outages during rain(co channel operation)

Acute angle Links In the below NW Link1,Link2 are acute angle co channel links due to low branching angle(<40 degrees) ODU1 s mounted at Site A Link1 and Link2 are victim ODUs and ODU2 of Site B,ODU2 of Site C are interfering sites Change ATPC to MTPC for both the ODU1s of Link1& Link2,ODU2s to be retained in ATPC mode

SiteE ATPC SiteA Site A ATPC Adjacent Channel Operation ATPC to be enabled at both sites SiteA ATPC
ODU1

LInk1 MTPC

Rain

SiteB
ODU2

ATPCTX level High

SiteA MTPC

ATPC ATPC
For internal use only 9 Nokia Siemens Networks

SiteC TX level Low

SiteD

Conclusions & recommendations

1. ATPC to be used to combat temporary fading of the wanted link rather than interference from the unwanted link(s) 2. Judicious decision to be made during planning for enabling ATPC for co channel acute branching angle links 3. MTPC to be enabled for the acute branching angle links emanating from a common/hub site and ATPC to be enabled at the distant end 4. 5. Since the spacial temporal distribution of rain field are not uniform and difficult correlate additional outages due to ATPC enabled links during rain it is recommended that ATPC be enabled for all the links ATPC to be enabled for all hops irrespective of their hop length

6.

ATPC to be enable for all the links falling in the service providing geographical area.

For internal use only 10 Nokia Siemens Networks

ATPC Configuration Example Ceragon Hops

CONFIGURATION>>RFU>>RIGHT>> RFU CONFIGURATION TRANSMITTER CONFIGURATION>> SET TX LEVEL=MAXIMUM TX POWER & CHECK THE ATPC BOX RECEIVER CONFIGURATION>> SET REFERENCE RX LEVEL=-45 APPLY

For internal use only 11 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 12 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 13 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 14 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 15 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 16 Nokia Siemens Networks

ATPC Configuration Example Flexi Hopper Hops

For internal use only 17 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 18 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 19 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 20 Nokia Siemens Networks

For internal use only 21 Nokia Siemens Networks

Thank You

For internal use only 22 Nokia Siemens Networks