Among Teenagers

Muhammad Ekram B. Hussin 1014097 Nurfarah Ain Bt Ahmad Termizi 0929368 Nurmiati Bt Muhd Nursyah 0915394

Definition
Smoking the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes and cigar.

Contents of cigarettes

Diagram of a cigarette. 1. Filter made of 95% cellulose acetate. 2. Tipping paper to cover the filter. 3. Rolling paper to cover the tobacco. 4. Tobacco blend.

 The smoking addiction among teenagers especially among high school students has been increasing from days to days. Teens seem to be more abrasive when smoking or they feel like they are older and wiser when they smoke. Teens like to act as if they are someone special or dangerous thus, by smoking they can act on those feeling because it is so forbidden it becomes more alluring to them.

13. PERATURAN AM 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 13.10

Schools regulations

Murid-murid dilarang keras menghisap rokok dan menggunakan/menyalahgunakan apa-apa jenis dadah. Tindakan tegas akan diambil terhadap murid-murid yang didapati melakukannya. Murid-murid dilarang keras bermain apa-apa sahaja bentuk judi di dalam dan diluar sekolah. Murid-murid dilarang keras meminum apa sahaja jenis minuman keras yang memabukkan. Murid-murid tidak dibenarkan membawa radio kaset atau walkman ke sekolah. Murid-murid tidak dibenarkan membawa semua jenis alat muzik seperti VCD, permainan atau telefon bimbit ke sekolah. Murid-murid dilarang bermain dengan alatan elektrik atau sebarang peralatan yang boleh mengakibatkan kebakaran dan kemalangan. Murid-murid adalah dilarang keras menconteng atau mengoyakkan apa sahaja yang terdapat di papan kenyataan kelas atau sekolah. Semua murid memberikan maklumat yang lengkap dan tepat mengenai butir-butir diri dan ibubapa/penjaga kepada pihak sekolah untuk tujuan kegunaan rasmi, perhubungan dan kebajikan. Murid-murid hendaklah memaklumkan kepada guru kelas/pihak sekolah sekiranya ada perubahan/pindaan maklumat pelajar. Jika berlaku kecurian atau kerosakan harta benda sekolah hendaklah dilaporkan kepada Guru Besar/Guru Penolong Kanan/Guru Bertugas/Guru Kelas dengan segera.

The Causes of smoking

Peer pressure
Most teenagers start smoking because their friends encourage them to have a try, or their rivals tease them for not smoking. Once they have tried it, they continue, wanting to look cool. During their teens, young adults are easily influenced and they are still working out who they are and what they want from life. As a result, they often make decisions that they may not have made if more mature.

Parental influence
Having parents or close family members who smoke can influence a teen in one of two ways they may think that it is fine to smoke because others do, or they may resent the fact that their family members smoke and become violently anti-smoking. Unfortunately, many teens take the first route and become as addicted as their parents from an early age.

Celebrities
Every day, there are pictures of celebrities tumbling out of night clubs, or having a cheeky cigarette in between shoots. Many teens associate this with looking cool and want to emulate their favourite celebrity. They are more concerned with the way that they look than they are with any of the results of smoking addiction and spending.

Desire to stay slim

There are a number of slim, willowy supermodels who are believed to smoke because it helps them keep slim. Whether this is true or not is irrelevant. The fact is that many young girls in particular are concerned about their weight and think that by smoking, they can keep control of their weight and look like their idols.

Teenage rebellion and boredom

Teenagers want some excitement in their lives and they often feel they dont have enough. Smoking is a way of telling their parents that they are now grown up and can do as they please this is particularly useful if parents are anti-smoking. The thrill of doing something they shouldnt is enough to keep them at it.

The effects of smoking

Study Links Poor Academic Performance with Smoking

A report by Statistics Canada concludes that students who smoke may be more likely to perform poorly in school, the Toronto Globe and Mail reported June 15. The survey of 19,000 students in grades 5 to 9 found that three in 10 students who smoked said they were performing below average academically, while nonsmokers said they were performing well.

Bad Breath and Dental Problems

The Children's Hospital of Boston states that an immediate effect of smoking on teenagers is bad breath and other dental problems, such as stained teeth and increased risks for cavities.

Body Odors
One of the effects of smoking on teenagers is the lingering smell of stale cigarettes in the hair, on clothing, and even from the pores of the skin. Many smokers may not realize how strong their odor is because, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, smokers have decreased sense of smell.

Skin Conditions
Skin problems are another effect of smoking on teenagers because smoking restricts blood vessels. Thus, oxygen is unable to adequately flow in the skin, leading to pale or yellow skin. A research study in Italy states that smokers increase their risks of suffering from psoriasis.

Premature Aging
The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health, a subsidiary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, says that the effects of smoking on teenagers include premature signs of aging like wrinkles, especially around the lips.

Smaller Lungs
The American Academy of Pediatrics says that teenagers who smoke have smaller lungs and hearts than non-smoking teens, which can lead to shortness of breath and persistent coughing.

Respiratory Ailments
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services says that teenage smokers catch more respiratory ailments, such colds, the flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia, than non-smokers and take longer to recover when they get sick. Smokers with asthma also have lower lung capacity than their non-smoking counterparts.

Nicotine Addiction
Researchers at NIDA explain that dopamine, a feel good endorphin, is released normally when you experience something pleasurable, but smoking cigarettes causes neurons to release excess dopamine. The feeling of pleasure the teen experiences smoking does not last long, so to repeat the feeling, the teen must have another cigarette.

Health Hazards Extend to the Next Generation

A teen mother who smokes may be giving her baby a death sentence. There is risk for a stillbirth, sudden infant death syndrome, preterm birth and respiratory problems. If the teen continues to smoke at least a pack a day during pregnancy, she also doubles the risk the child will be more susceptible to tobacco addiction.

 Set ground rules in school (Merit/Demerit). Organize awareness campaign in schools. Identify students who smoke. Do a background check what are the causes that lead the students to smoke. Provide a support group for the students who smoke.(some may want to stop smoking but they do not know the right way to do it) Inform the parents. Establish new societies or clubs that can help students fill their free times. Punishments / reinforcements

Roles of School Administrator

Roles of teacher
Talk to the students and understand why they start smoking (Building rapport). Tell them how smoking can affect them especially in their academic and health and also waste their money Treat them as friends. Ask them to join support group to quit smoking. Motivate the students to do beneficial things such as hobbies or sports. Discuss with the parents.

Roles of parents
Interact with school through PIBG/PTA. Discuss what are the best solutions to prevent smoking among students and teenagers Parents should give their 100% support to the schools in dealing with the students. Parents ought to show a good example for their children. Parents who smoke should avoid smoking in front of their children. Warn and punish the children and do not smothering them if they have done wrong.

Conclusions
Government should increase the price of cigarettes. Increase the enforcement of selling cigarettes.
Age of buyers

People who stay near schools report to the schools if they see any students smoke. Seller/groceries store ask for IC for any purchase of cigarette. Parents and schools should cooperate Establish a support class for them to quit smoking

References
http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/tobacco/smoking.html http://www.netmums.com/yourchild/tweens_teens_secondary_schools/teen-safety/smoking-and-drugs http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=smoking+among+school+stud ents&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CDYQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tob accofreekids.org%2Fresearch%2Ffactsheets%2Fpdf%2F0153.pdf&ei=e8Cg T8OFBILc8AOg9YCECA&usg=AFQjCNGJz6louYNbCOBzTxpEm_G9UR7tSA&c ad=rja http://aph.sagepub.com/content/17/2/130.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc