Lecturer: Vu Thi Thu Hien, Ph.

D Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

RECURRENT SELECTION
Group 10:

CHN LC CHU K

Le Thu Hoai Pham Thi Lua Do Thi Nam Trang Bui Minh Thai Nguyen Thi Mai

OUTLINE

Overview of recurrent selection (RS)

Concept
Objective Result

Applications

Circle of selection process: 3 components Methods of improvement

Intra-population
Inter-population

OUTLINE

Intra-population
Recurrent phenotypic selection Recurrent genotypic selection Half-sib progenies Full-sib progenies Selfed Families RS for general combining ability RS for specific combining ability

Inter-population ( Reciprocal recurrent selection)

Reciprocal half-sib selection Reciprocal full-sib selection

Concept

Cyclic and systematic selection of desirable individuals From a population: base, source or cycle 0 population By recombination of selected individuals Form a new population: cycle 1, cycle 2, and so forth The process routinely occurs in cultivar development program

Objective and result

Objective: Improving the performance of populations for one or more traits of interest Result: Superior to original one in

Mean performance
Performance of best individuals Increasing frequency of desirable genes

Without reducing genetic variability present

in population

Applications

Used to establish a broad genetic base in breeding program because of multiple opportunities for intermating.

Applied to legumes (e.g., peanut, soybean), grasses (e.g., maize, barley, oats)

Selection process
Population development

Selection of superior individuals and intercrossing

Evaluation of individuals in the population

Development of a base population

Best performance possible for characters of interest Array of different ancestries Number of parents should be used Number of intermating generations to form

Recurrent phenotypic selection

The earliest method improving crosspollinated species, simple recurrent selection Individual plant per se or clonal progeny By visual inspection or measuring the character of interest Test crosses are not made, no tester is used Identified individuals form a new population and next cycle begin

Recurrent phenotypic selection

Limitations :
Restricted to characters with sufficiently high

heritability Variability among plants caused by microenvironmental variation

Examples
Spraque and Brimhall (1950): oil content of

corn kernel Gardner (1961): Gridding on maize

Recurrent Half-Sib Selectionof individuals through the use of Evaluation

their half-sib progeny. The general procedure for a cycle of selection:
To cross the plants being evaluated to a common

tester Evaluate the half-sib progeny from each plant Intercross the selected individuals to form a population.

Alternative procedures for recurrent half-sib selection

Tester Parents selected Seed for intercrossing

Population

Female

Half-sib seed

Population

Male and Female

Half-sib seed

Population

Male and Female

Selfed seed or clones

Outside

Male and Female

Selfed seed or clones

Recurrent Full-Sib Selection

The testing of paired-plant crosses.

The seeds from two individuals, rather than one, are used for testing and to form the new population.

Recurrent Full-Sib Selection

Testing of paired-plant crosses
Season 1 Season 2 Crossing between pairs of selected plants in a population (cycle 0) The full-sib families are evaluated in replicated tests and the superior families are selected. Remnant full-sib seed is used to intercross the selected families. The intercrossed seed that is harvested (cycle 1) Next cycle in the same manner

Season 3 Season 4-6

Recurrent Selection Among Selfed Families

Used in both self- and cross-pollinated crops

Testing of lines after one or more generations of selfing

Followed by intercrossing of individuals to form the new population.

Procedure of RS among selfed families

Season 1 S0 plants from the population are selfed to produce S0:1 lines. S0:1 lines evaluated, best lines selected Remnant S1 seed used to intercross selected lines, producing the Cycle 1 population with new S0 plants Next cycle begins

Season 2 Season 3 Season 4

RS for General Combining Ability

Proposed by Jenkins(1940) for improving open-pollinated maize cultivars Use of population as tester, selection of superior half-sib families based on replicated tests, selfed seed for intercrossing selected individuals. Broad genetic base tester, performance in a group of test crosses (hybrids) refers differences in GCA

RS for GCA
Season 1 Season 2 Select best individuals (base population) , selfing Selfed seeds are intercrossed tester, best individuals are selected by evaluation of yield and traits of interest. Remnant selfed seed put in storage for next cycle

Season 3

Next cycle begins

RS for Specific Combining Ability

Proposed by Hull(1945) Use of an inbred tester: narrow genetic base Variation in test-crosses performance ascribed to differences in SCA Develop an improved population or inbred lines from it that could be crossed with the tester to produce commercial seed

RS for SCA
Season 1 Best individuals are selfed, and simultaneously crossed with inbred tester Selection and evaluation superior half-sib families in replicated experiments at at least 2 isolated areas Selected plants are intercrossed to form a cycle 1 population for each using the remnant selfed seed Next cycle in the same manner Season 2

Season 3

Season 4-6

Methods of Interpopulation Improvement

Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) is a cyclical breeding procedure designed to improve the cross of two populations(A&B) from different heterotic groups by using both general and specific combining ability. A,B: heterozygous and genetically unrelated

A used as the tester to evaluate individuals in B, and vice versa

Reciprocal Half-Sib Selection

Proposed in 1949 by Comstock and colleagues

Procedure of reciprocal half-sib selection

Season 1 Individual plants (e.g., 100) from each cycle 0 population are selfed and outcrossed to several (e.g., 6) randomly chosen plants from the opposite population (tester) Generate sib families and selfed seed put in storage

Season 2

100 sib families from each population are evaluated in replicated tests Top 10 are identified for each A and B 10 selected plants are intercrossed to form a cycle 1 population for each using the selfed seed produced in season 1. Begin next cycle using Cycle 1 seed of each population

Season 3

Season 4

Reciprocal Full-Sib Selection

It was described independently by maize breeders in Iowa and Nebraska (1967) Desired outcome is commercial hybrid seed

Procedure of reciprocal full-sib selection

Season 1 200 phenotypically desirable S0 plants in Pop A paired with 200 from Pop B. Each plant is both selfed and crossed to produce S1 and full-sib seed. Selfed seed can be stored for intercrossing of desirable parents and also advanced to develop inbred lines 200 full-sib families from each population are evaluated in replicated tests; Superior 10% of pairs are selected Season 3 Intercross selfed seed of top 20 individuals from each population Intercrossed seed of A and B represent Cycle 1 populations Season 4 Begin again.

Season 2

References
Fehr, W.R. 1991. Principles of cultivar development: The theory and technique, vol 1. 15:172- 197. R.W. Allard. 1960. Principles of plant breeding. 23: 282- 302. V.D.Hoa. 2005. Gio trnh chn ging cy trng. 6: 77- 90