What are Some Ways to Fit ABA into the Inclusive Classroom?

Selena M. Joy, Ph.D., BCBA-D Insight Conference subtitle style Click to edit Master Richmond, VA October 15, 2010

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What is ABA?

Applied Behavior Analysis: the _________ in which procedures derived from the ___________ __ _________ are _______________ applied to improve ________ ____________ behavior to a ___________ degree and to demonstrate _______________ that the procedures employed were ____________ for the ___________ in the behavior
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Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 1987

What Does that Mean?

ABA:

Uses scientific principles Systematically To change behaviors That are socially significant

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3-Term Contingency

Antecedent Consequence

Behavior

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What are Antecedents?

Antecedents come before the behavior and can shape a behavior Examples:

Giving a direction Showing a cue card Hearing the bell Teacher walking away Going to the library by another student

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What are Consequences?

Consequences come after the behavior and can shape the behavior Examples:

Being told Good job Stickers Teacher walking away Corrective feedback Being given computer time allowed to get out of work

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ABA Applications

Autism & Developmental Disabilities General Education Positive Behavior Supports Direct Instruction Addiction Recovery NASA Sports Teams Forensics & Crime

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Data Collection

Data are the hallmark of ABA Without data you are not doing ABA Data help to measure progress and show effectiveness Data help to make informed decisions Data are inherent in the definition of ABA (systematic, demonstrate experimentally, responsible for the 5/30/12

What Does that Mean for My Classroom?

Behavior Intervention s& Classroom Manageme nt
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Academic Interventions & Instruction

Behavior

Positive Behavior Supports Expectations/Rules Reinforcement Systems

Stop lights Card/Stick systems Point systems Token Boards

Behavior Management

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Academic

Prompting Shaping Chaining Choral Responding Fluency Building & Charting for Reading & Math Repeated Readings Flash Cards 5/30/12

Prompting

Types of prompts:

Modeling Visual Verbal Hand-over-Hand Physical Gestural Positional/Proximity

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Shaping

Desired Outcome: Alex will sit at the table working on a task for 2 minutes with 2 or fewer prompts Alex can currently sit for 30 sec with 2 or fewer prompts Step 1: Alex will sit for 45 sec with 2 or fewer prompts Step 2: Alex will sit for 1 minute with 2 or fewer prompts

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Shaping

Desired Outcome: Students will hit a baseball that is pitched to them Students currently have varied skills Step 1: All students will be able to hold the bat with the correct hand placement Step 2: All students will be able to hit a ball with a bat when the ball is on the tee

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Chaining

Forward vs. Backward Chaining Used for multi-step tasks that are sequential Examples:

Self-help skills (shoe tying, brushing teeth, etc.) Puzzles Solving algebra equations word lists

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Forward Chaining Example

Word list of 10 words Have student read first word, you read the other 9 Have student read first 2 words, you read the other 8 Have student read first 3 words, you read the other 7 Etc. until all words are read by student 5/30/12

Backward Chaining Example

5 Piece Puzzle You put in four pieces, child puts in last piece You put in three pieces, child puts in last two pieces You put in two pieces, child puts in last three pieces You put in one piece, child puts in last 5/30/12 four pieces

Fluency Building

Timed readings/math problem sets Chart rate & accuracy Measure progress over time

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Reading Fluency Example

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Math Fluency Example

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Task Analysis

Multi-Step processes Vocational tasks Art tasks Math (Algebra, for example) Book walk Self-Help Skills
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Task Analysis Example

Teacher says: Get ready for math class" Clear desks of unnecessary items. Place your math book, a pencil, and your calculator on your desk. Wait quietly for the instructor to begin class.
http://www.behavioradvisor.com/TaskAnalysis.html

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Task Analysis

Tying shoes Pinch the laces. Pull the laces. Hang the ends of the laces from the corresponding sides of the shoe. Pick up the laces in the corresponding hands. Lift the laces above the shoe. Cross the right lace over the left one to form a tepee. 5/30/12 Bring the left lace toward the

Discrete Trial Training

One type of systematic method of ABA Typically designed for 1:1 or small group 3 parts to a discrete trial (SD, Behavior, Response)

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Lets Practice

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Putting it Together
ABA is: ABA is not:

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Questions

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