Technology for younger students

Kandice Ellis, Terri Davis, Lynn Barnett, Eva Guire, Samantha Davis, Jeremy Covington, Kim Yavuz

Table of Contents

D e s c r i p t i o n o f t r e n d H i s t o r y E f f e c t s o f T e c h n o l o g y i n S c h o o l s

Positive and Negative Effects

T e c h n o l o g y s f u t u r e i m p a c t t o c h i l d r e n

Description of the Trend

According to American Federation of Teachers

(2011) Modern Technology and the Internet have opened the door to a plethora of new learning opportunities that can enrich students classroom experience (para 1). Children have important tasks to accomplish during their early years to build a solid base for future learning. (Northwest Educational Technology Consortium, 2005). Technology is a trend that can provide that foundation when planned and used properly. Teachers can use technology to aid in the learning process as long as it will fit students developmental and learning styles, provide meaningful learning activities, and keep students engaged. In today's advanced technological world, teachers can help students achieve high levels of performance and preparation for the future.

Technology Trends
The

use of Technology continues to rise with early child hood programs

Touch Screen Technology like

I-pads make it easier for students to use technology at earlier ages in school.
A

study in 2009 showed computers in 97% of classrooms with 93% having internet access. (Teachers Use of Educational Technology in U.S Public Schools: 2009)

Technology Era Timelines

Pre-computer and Mainframe

1900

1940

1950

Traditional classroom technologies slates, chalk, paper, pen & books Introduction of radio and later instructional television embraced because of the shortage of teachers began hiring fewer and less qualified teachers Mainframe computer applications IBM teaching machine for drill and practice used mostly at university level

Technology Era Timelines

Microcomputer

1970

1980

1985

1990

Computer provided mechanical implementation of instruction. Examples include CLASS, SOCRATES, PLATO & TICCIT. Availability was there but use was limited Apple became a leader in education in K-12. Until now most usage was at the university level. IBM also jumps in. Still drill and practice and eye-catching tutorials that took individual differences into account Serious attempts to increase computer use to help disabled students participate Intelligent Tutoring Systems or Computer Aided Instruction (CAI)

Technology Era Timelines

Internet
1990

2000

Now

Room with internet access in a school went from 4% in 1994 to 94% in 2005 State priorities change focus from teaching and learning to assessment (NCLB) Wireless - more handheld devices Clicker - preliminary studies show no increases except in selfperceived learning (Martyn, 2007) Collaborative digital tools (CSILE, Wikis, Podcasting, etc) & data management and course management systems

History Summary
Technology use in the classrooms has always been supportive and

might not be used to its full potential because of a lack of training of teachers. This has been the case for all technology use There have been a lot of developments but not much in terms of formal implementation Evolution of uses of computer technology - tool (drill and practice) to tutor (vivid descriptions) to tutee (adjust level and provides differentiation). Has moved from the transmitter of knowledge to helper in the construction of knowledge

Positive Effects of
The U.S. Department of

Educations Office for Civil Rights recognizes technology as a benefit and a right to all students. Disabled students are entitled to accommodations or modifications that permit them to receive all the educational benefits provided by the technology in an equally effective and equally integrated manner (http:www2.ed.gov/abo ut/offices/list/ocr/lette rs/colleague20100629.html).

Technology in Schools

Positive Effects of Technology in Schools

In class time is more productive.

- Technology assesses and documents students progress efficiently. The teacher will receive reports on areas each child may need additional work in. -Programs can repeat activities in varying approaches so students having difficulty will have different opportunities to master skills. - Teachers are more informed about abilities and weaknesses when working one-on-one with students. -Children can work in groups or alone. -Self-directed work is productive. Programs give hints or examples when students do not get answers correct. Pictures and sounds retains the students attention.
Resources such as dictionaries and thesauri are available and

easily accessed by students. -Students are reported to use outside resources significantly more when using technology.

Positive Effects of Technology in Schools

E-Books support literacy comprehension.
- Reading challenged students who do not respond to teacher intervention have responded favorably to E-Books.

Word processors are found to impact quality, quantity, and

frequency of revisions in student writing.

Students are actively engaged in technological learning vs.

passive learning of traditional methods.

Student motivation and confidence is improved. Technological skills are learned simultaneously while learning

class subjects.

Negative Effects of Technology in Schools and Children

N o S o c i a l I n t e r a c t i o n : N o t m u c h t i m e i n f a c e t o f a c e

conversations. I n a c t i v i t y : N o t l e a r n i n g g o o d s o c i a l s k i l l s o u t s i d e t h e technology venues. O b e s i t y : B e c a u s e o f l a c k o f a c t i v i t y c h i l d r e n g a i n weight that can follow them their whole life. N o i m a g i n a t i o n : N o t u s i n g h i s o r h e r i m a g i n a t i o n t o come up with games on their own, children need to learn about real life relationships.

Technology Is Always Changing

We are already seeing that the trend to have desktop computers in classrooms is going away and we are now seeing more laptops and Touch Screen Devices.

The use of traditional White Boards is going away and is being substituted with devices like the Smart Board.

The old school projectors are being phased out with the use of devices like the ELMO.

Technologys Future Impact

The use of touch screen technology in classrooms is likely to increase.

Schools are already purchasing I-Pads for their students. Technology will continue to blossom giving children more exposure to it. The verdict is still out as to how much technology really improves test scores but with the development of newer technologies and interactive software we are likely to see more of it.

Technology and Our Future Teachers

The use of technology and computer literacy are key parts of what

makes a good education. Teachers will need to continue to develop their technology skills and look for ways to make technology interactive and not just a tool to lecture. Creative use of Smart boards, Touch Screen technologies and interactive software. Even with the potential increase of technology in classrooms teachers will be needed for group activities and as leaders.

The Future
As technology continues to evolve the one thing we can count on is that we are going to see more of it in the classroom and it will continue to have a greater and greater impact on the way we teach!

References
17

Ali, R. (2011, May 26). Dear Colleague letter. Office of the Assistant Secretary. Retrieved from: http://www2.ed.gov/abpout/offices/list/ocr/letters/colleague-201105ese.html
Armbruster, B.B., Lehr, F., & Osborn, J. (2001). Put Reading First: The Research Blocks for Teaching Children to Read. Jessup, MD: National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved from: http://www.nifl.gov/partnershipforreading/publications/Cierra.pdf Aslan, S. & Reigeluth, C.M. (2011). A trip to the past and future of educational computing: Understanding its evolution. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(1), 1-17.

References
18

Bennet, F. (2002). The Future of Computer Education in K-12. Retrieved from http://www.cris.com/~faben1/phidel~1.shtml American Federation of Teachers. (2011). Students and Technology. Retrieved from http://www.aft.org Domine, V. (2009). A social history of media, technology and schooling. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 1(1), 42-52. Donohue, C. (2003). Technology In Early Childhood Education. Retrieved from http://www.childcareexchange.com/library/5015417.pdf Effects of Technology on Classrooms and Students. Retrieved from: http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/EdReformStudies/EdTech/effectsstudents.html

References
19

Goessl, L. (2009, July). The positive effect of technology on kids. HeliumWhere Knowledge Rules. Retrieved from: http://www.helium.com/items/1519500-the-positive-effects-of-technologyon-kids-children Jackson, R., Kuglin, J., & Lemke, C. (2011, January). Now presenting.... THE Journal, 38(1), 14-30

Kulik, J. (2002). School mathematics and science programs benefit from instructional technology. Division of Science Resources Statistics National Science Foundation. Retrieved from: http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf03301/ Martyn, M. (2007). Clickers in the classroom: An active learning approach. Educause Quarterly, 2, 71-74.

References
20

NEIRTEC Report. (2004). Technology and teaching children to read: what does the research say? Retrieved from: http://www.neirtec.org/reading_report/report.htm Northwest Educational Technology Consortium. (2005). Early Connections Technology in Early Childhood Education. Retrieved from http://www.netc.org/earlyconnections/index1.html Schacter, J. (1999). The impact of education technology on student achievement: what the most current research has to say. Milken Exchange on Education Technology. Retrieved from: http://www.mff.org/pubs/ME161.pdf US Department of Education. (2009). Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf