SDR (Software Defined Radio)

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Introduction System Architecture Software Algorithm Radio Frequency Reconfigurable Architecture Low Power Design

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Device Mobility Continues to Rise

Nokia Communicator

Palm PDA with GPS Receiver

Kodak Portable MC3

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Future Mobile Functionality

Purchase tickets (E-commerce) Guide you in the city (GPS, ) Give local information on a point of interest (Bluetooth, WLAN) Sound, video, animation User determines the amount of details using his preferences Receive e-mail, phone calls, voice-mail (GSM, UMTS) Make reservations for your dinner (WAP) Take pictures / video clips (Microdrive) Listening to music (MP3) Store your power-point presentation (files)
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Gilders versus Moores law

2x/3-6 months 1M

1000 x
10,000

100

2x/18 months

97

99

01

03

05

07

Greg Papadopoulos, Sun Microsystems

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Future trends of mobile communications

2000 Mobility vehicle
3G cellular Intelligent Transport Systems 4G cellular Advanced wireless access

2010

2020

High data rate High mobility System roaming Seamless connections to broadband networks

pedestrian
GSM

HAPS

static 2G

Wireless LAN

3G

4G

Millimeterwave LAN

5G

10k
6

2M

50M

156M

622M Data rate

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Commercial Cellular/PCS
2G: Digital voice, messaging & data services Fixed wireless loop, wireless LAN services Digital cellular & PCS Macro, micro & pico cells 1G: Mobile telephone Analog technology 2G Macro cells
1G

3G: Greatly enhanced data communications services Narrowband and wideband multimedia services Higher spectrum for wideband applications Macro, micro & pico cells 4G: Very high bit rate 20~50Mbps (or
100Mbps)

Capability Enhancements by Generation

Multimedia enhancements
4G

Frequency band: 2.2GHz, 5GHz, 7GHz BER : VOICE (1e-6), DATA (1e-9) 2004~2008 4G 2007~2010

3G

Software Defined Radio Opportunity

SDR Forum
1980 1990 2000 Time 2010 2020

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Information Technology evolution

Before 80 : Middle Age, Computing Sc. belongs to fiefs (IBM, ), no network All proprietary, no flow : All is parchment or proprietary spreadsheet 80s : All is transparent for a computer scientist All is file : UNIX (/dev/null, /dev/lpr, ...) a file is a set of characters which can be manipulated by C language 85s : All is readable on a desk (or a PC) for anybody All is document (no more interoperability & transparency) 95s: All is an available object on the network for communication All is document, readable everywhere (HTML page) or executable everywhere (Java) Privilege to information access : kiosk, server 00s : All is a digital, fluid & live stream distributed over networks Nomadic user, virtual presence (user or sw/content move), Virtual Machine & JavaBeans Ubiquitous IT (networked planet grid) & Mobile computing infrastructure (Xeo satellites) 05s : All is program, alive on ad hoc networks An entity on the network is a Java Program (Jini Concept) Intentional architecture
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Infrastructure of Information System

Infrastructure with QoS, mobility & security
New Services

Multimedia Hyperdocument

Mobile Terminals Network Computers

Intelligent Routers & Switchers Configurability Active & Ad hocNetworks

Mobile/fix, wired/wireless

Extra/Inter/Intranet
New Services & Usage
biometric Authentication Adaptive & multi-modal Human Interface Speech recognition Adaptability & customization of applications according terminal configuration & end-users services

Distributed Multimedia Data

New Services

Interface : XML Protocol: IP

Indexation by content Protection of digital Objects Navigation, Search engine information filtering

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4G Mobile Communication System

Digital Broadcasting Cell

ITS

SDR/Multi-mode Terminal

PSTN ISDN IP Back bone/ Internet

Micro-Cell Macro-Cell

4G Network BWA
20-155Mbps
3,40 GHz band Fixed User Metropolitan Area

4G Mobile
Over 2-10Mbps
2-10 GHz Band Vehicular Environments Medium Area

WPN
1-155Mbps
2.4,5,60 GHz band Fixed/ Slow Mobility Small Private Area

Indoor Cordless

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Future System
Small user interface: pen, voice, gesture
Many standards Real-time processing

Long execution time

Work in a dynamic environment Quality changes from place to place Hybrid networking: DECT, GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Bluetooth Energy-efficient
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ONE phone for many Standards

SDR forum

- Multiple standards (peaceful co-existence)

- Rapid increase of subscriber (need high spectrum utilization techniques)

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Wireless Data Standards

TX RX

GSM 1800
GSM 1800 1800 MHz

UMTS UMTS
2100 MHz

802.11 802.11
2400 MHz

HIPERLAN/1 HIPERLAN/1 5200 MHz

Channel Bandwidth Data Rate

EDGE

UMTS

BT 802.11

HIPERLAN/1

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Two Forces Driving the Wireless Internet

The cellular industry Wide area coverage. Global roaming. Mobile users at vehicular speeds. Subscription-based. Licensed bands. The wireless LAN industry Local coverage. No handoff or roaming. Fixed users. Revenue through equipment sales. Unlicensed bands.

The Wireless Internet

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Heterogeneous wireless communication networks

by Havinga, havinga@cs.utwente.nl

There exist many wireless communication networks

frequency bands requirements on mobility transmission speed and quality

Examples:

Static: wireless LANs (802.11), Bluetooth, Radio Local Loop Pedestrian: DECT, PHS Vehicle: 2/3G cellular, pagers, broadcast TV/radio
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 Two trends will have major impact

Wide proliferation of various wireless access networks
Each with their own preferred type of service Different quality: data rates, latency, mobility support, ..

Future wireless communication

Software radio technologies

Programmable radios, Tunable front-ends

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Heterogeneous networks,why?
Due to roaming the network changed
e.g. from indoor wireless LAN to outdoor cellular radio

There is coverage from multiple wireless networks

Possibility to select the most appropriate network for a given application, based on for example
Service classification User requested QoS parameters Available network capacity (bandwidth, latency) Energy consumption needed

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Heterogeneous network architecture Goal

Key requirements

design a flexible and open architecture suitable for a variety of different wireless access technologies, for applications with different QoS demands, and different protocols.
Different access technologies (Software Defined Radio) Heterogeneous network support (use combination of networks) Mobility management (seamless handover) Wireless system discovery Selection of efficient configuration Simple, scalable, low cost Energy efficient (always on) Secure Compatible/interoperable with existing and future work Quality of Service support (end-to-end, and local applicable)
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Evolution of the Cell Phone

Two co-existent 3-G cellular standards:
Wideband CDMA
Also called UMTS, UTRA, IMT-2000. Standardized by 3GPP. Evolution of the GSM backbone. Standardized by 3GPP2. Evolved from IS-95 CDMA (cdmaONE).

cdma2000

Common traits:

2 GHz PCS band (licensed). Variable asymmetric data rates for multimedia: Software-defined-radio (SDR) implementation.
~144 kbps to vehicles. ~ 2 Mbps to fixed locations near base station.
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Standardization of Wireless Networks

Wireless networks are standardized by IEEE. Under 802 LAN MAN standards committee. Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
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ISO OSI 7-layer model

IEEE 802 standards Logical Link Control

Medium Access (MAC)

Physical (PHY)

IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs

Key features of MAC: Infrastructure or ad-hoc network. Coordinated (PCF) or distributed (DCF) operation. DCF uses CSMA/CA. PHY defines data rate and operating band: Infrared at 1 or 2 Mbps. RF at 1 or 2 Mbps in using FH or DS 2.4 GHZ ISM band. 802.11b amendment 5.5 or 11 Mbps using DS and CCK in 2.4 GHz band. 802.11a amendment 6-54 Mbps using COFDM in 5-6 GHz U-NII band. IEEE 802.11 can also be used for broadband access.

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IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN

Working group on broadband wireless access Focus on providing access to small/medium business and residential opportunities. Early stages of development. Task 1 PHY for the 10-66 GHz licensed bands. LMDS band: 500 Mbps in 28-31 GHz band. Task 2 Coexistence of fixed broadband wireless. Task 3 PHY & MAC for 2-11 GHz MMDS licensed bands. Task 4 Fixed broadband version of 802.11a.

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Bluetooth
Bluetooth SIG formed in 1998 by Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, and Intel. Design goals: Inexpensive: $5 single chip solution. Short range: 10 m or less. Low data rate: < 720 kbps. Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc networking. Data (ACL) and voice (SCO) support. Technology: 2.4 GHz ISM band. 79 channels of 1 MHz each. Frequency Hopping at 1600 hops/sec. Nonorthogonal binary GFSK modulation.

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Bluetooth Profiles
Hands-free headset. Cordless telephone. Synchronization of PDA, cell phone, computer. Serial port emulation. Wearable computing. Wireless LAN access. Ad-hoc network. Peripherals: Printer, scanner, fax machine.
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IEEE 802.15 Wireless PAN

Standardization began in 1997 under the Ad Hoc Wearables Standards Committee. Same goals and constraints as Bluetooth: 2.4 GHz band, 10 m. range, inexpensive. Task 1 Standard almost identical to Bluetooth. Task 2 Coexistence of wireless LANs and PANs. Task 3 20 Mbps High-rate PAN similar to Bluetooth 2. Task 4 Low rate 2-200 kbps PAN with extremely low power consumption for perpetual sensors.

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W-LAN (MS) PHY Layer

Param eter Operating Frequency Spread Spectrum Method Data Rate Modulation Method (Index) GSM 2G Cell 890-915 MHz (RX) 935-960 MHz (TX) TDMA/FDMA/FDD 9.6 - 64 kbps GMSK (BT=0.3) W-CDMA 3G Cell 2110 - 2170 (RX) 1920 - 1980 (TX) CDMA/FDD 32 kbps -384 kbps QPSK data modulation on up and dow n; Spreading is QPSK on up and BPSK on dow n. na na full duplex Optional 1.6W (384 kbps), 0.8W (128 kbps) half duplex Optional 0.2W (2 Mbps), 0.1W (0.5 Mbps) W-CTDMA 3G 2110 - 2170 (RX) 1920 - 1980 (TX) CDMA/TDD 256 kbps -4 Mbps IEEE 802.11 WLAN 2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM FHSS 1 Mbps 2 Mbps Bluetooth 2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM None or FHSS 0.7 Mbps 2 Mbps (future) 2-FSK (0.32) TBD (TBD) Hom eRF 2400 - 2483.5 MHz ISM FHSS, TDMA or CSMA/CA 1 Mbps 2 Mbps 2-FSK 4-FSK (required) QPSK data 2-FSK (0.32) modulation on up 4-FSK (0.16, and dow n; optional) Spreading is QPSK. SF = 2-16 na 2.5 Hz 224 msec 19 msec Optional

Hop Rate

opt, 21.66 Hz (1/4.615 ms)

0 / 1600 Hz (max) 220 msec 220 msec Not Required 0.001 / 0.100 W

50 Hz 300 msec 25 microsec

Channel Sw itching Tim e Rx/Tx Turnaround half duplex Tim e Antenna Diversity na Tx RF Pow er <1W

<1W (US) 100 mW (Europe & Japan) Rx Sensitivity -110 dBm -80 dBm @ 1 Mbps -75 dBm @ 2 Mbps Tx Stability +/- 9 Hz +/- 2 kHz +/- 2 kHz +/- 60 kHz Tx Spectrum -30 dBc, 1st Adj Ch -40 dBc, 1st Adj Ch -40 dBc, 1st Adj Ch -40 dBc, 2nd Adj Shape -60 dBc, 2nd Adj Ch -60 dBc, 2nd Adj Ch -60 dBc, 2nd Adj Ch Ch 60 dBc, 3rd Adj Ch Hop Seqnce, # Ch. random, <124 na na random, 80 Pow er Consum ption Standby / Max 2 ma RX Avg 120 ma TX Avg fd fd

0.1 W (N. America)

-70 dBm @ 1 Mbps ? ?

-76 dBm @ 1 Mbps

random, 79 or 23 0.3 - 30 ma @ 5 vDC

random, 79 or 23

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Wide Frequency bands

System PDC CDMA one PHS IEEE802.11 MMAC Altair NTT POCSAG Analog Frequency bands 800 MHz 1.5 GHz 1.9 GHz 2.4 GHz 5.15 ~ 5.25 GHz 19 GHz 250 MHz 250/400 MHz

Cellular

Wireless LAN

Pager Cordless phone

SDR : SW , (,, , , )
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New Digital Broadcasting Technologies Europe

DAB, Digital Audio Broadcasting

Designed as a follower of FM stereo system DQPSK/OFDM, 2k DFT E.g., 6 high-quality stereo channels in 1.5 MHz BW Data services Designed for mobile reception

DVB-T, Terrestrial digital TV transmission system

64-QAM/OFDM, 8k DFT E.g., 4 normal quality TV channels (MPEG2) in place of a single analog channel of 7 or 8 MHz stationary & portable reception, mobile reception under study

DVB-S, Digital satellite TV transmission system

QPSK much commonality with DVB-T in source and channel coding

DVB-C, Digital Cable TV transmission system

64-QAM much commonality with DVB-T and DVB-S in source and channel coding

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SDR : Abstract
All functions, modes, and applications can be reconfigured by software. Flexibility to handle a variety of multimedia services and standards. Adaptability to accommodate environment, required level of security, and available resources. Automatically set its parameters of operation on the basis of cost efficiency or requested QoS Radio equipment reconfigured by downloadable software, at any layer of the protocol stack. New capability can be added without hardware changes flexible/ reconfigurable hardware platforms Configurable-ASIC, DSP, MCU, FPGA
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SDR Forum
- 1996 MMITS (Modular Multifunction Information Transfer Systems) Forum - Motorola, Lucent, Harris, Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Alcatel, Orange, Panasonic, Sony, , , LG ETRI , , - SDR - SDR - SDR

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SDR Forum

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S/W SDR

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-analog stage contains amplifiers, mixers, synthesizers, ADCs( analog-to-digital converters), DACs( digital-to-analog converters) -With different RF specification such as carrier frequency, bandwidth, modulation scheme, and transmission power -digital stage contains FPGAs, DSPs, CPU, ASICs, and I/O interfaces functions such as digital up/down converters, digital filters, and modems. - ASIC : digital filtering, frequency mixing, signal generation - FPGAS (DSPs) : channel codec, speech codec (Its reconfigured by replacing program.)
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Hardware in software-defined radio terminal

Softwares in software-defined radio terminal

-Basic programs : radio function libraries : the sets that

express basic radio functions (contain filter programs for

FPGA, modem programs for DSP, or the hardware control commands) - OS and device driver : The OS is run to control overall operation of system. The device drivers are programs for each hardware control such as amplifier, a synthesizer, ADC and a DSP. - Application program : . This program prepared for a specific radio standard, such as GSM, IS-95, or IMT-2000.
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SDR Benefit
Potential for significant life-cycle cost reductions Uniform communication across commercial, civil, federal and military organizations Over the air downloads of new features and services as well as software patches Debug is impossible for mobile terminals after they are sold. PC Open Modular Architecture
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SDR
API : , , Protocol : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2 , , , software radio SDR framework : Open System, IDL : interface , minimum CORBA Software Download: SDR software download RF Module: , RF , , Wideband ADC and DAC Baseband DSP Module: software , DSP , HW/SW interface
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SDR-processing requirements for Mobile Communications (GSM)

Modem w/ basic equalizer 2 MFLOPS for CDMA sector 2.5 MFLOPS for a wideband CDMA 4 MFLOPS for a G4
Requires high performance devices s.t PowerPC G4 PowerPC with Altivec CPUs TMS320-C6x SHARC/Tiger-SHARC DSPs
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SDR
Digital Radio . HW SDR LNA/PA, Down/up converter DSP SW SWR DSP SW HW s/w

( ETRI SDR )

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Micro controller : firmware . RTOS : . Protocol Stack : GSM2Plus, CDMA, 3GPP, 3GPP2, . : . : . Middle ware : Client/server . .
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SDR

Distributed Layered Virtual Machine

Mapping, Data Bases, Common Applications Location Awareness, ... Map Update Agent HAVE QUICK

Wa veform Personal ities

Communications Encapsulated Waveforms, SINCGARS Bridging Applications Bridging, Location Estimation, ... (SG) Networking Aspects Network Layer & Protocol Stack, (Network Waveforms)State Machines Physical Layer & Radio Aspects Data Link Layer (Basic Waveforms) State Machines Front End Network Protocol Processing Security Stack Modem

INFOSEC Data Processing Voice

Infrastructure State Machines Domain/Resource Manager Infrastructure Aspects Real-time CORBA/IDL Real-Time Distributed Processing Services OSs Antennas, RF (Band, Bandwidth) FPGAs GP Hosts Hardware Platform Operating System (UNIX,) ASICs DSPs Instruction Set Architecture

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SDR Layers
Application
Waveform/Applications Framework

Services Frameworks
Management Framework
Computational Framework

Platform Services

Middleware (ORB)
OS Interface Standard(POSIX)

Operating System
Hardware Abstraction Layer

Platform
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Hardware

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SDR Architecture
External environment Source set Evolution support Channel set

Source coding Service and INFOSEC and decoding Network support

Modem

IF RF/channel processing access

Joint control Multiple personalities

Channel coding and decoding

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Software Radio Layering Model

Data Link

bytes Link Framing bits Channel Encoding bits Line Encoding symbol

bytes Link Data Framing Link bits Channel Decoding bits Line Decoding symbol

Modulation discrete signal Multiple Access

Demodulation discrete signal Multiple Access

software

Physical

discrete signal D/A Converter continuous signal RF Transmitter

continuous signal

discrete signal A/D hardware Converter continuous signal RF Receiver Physical continuous signal

wireless medium

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Standardization
Application
APIs Bindings RTOS BSP HW

Application
APIs Bindings RTOS BSP HW

Application
APIs Bindings RTOS BSP HW

Application
APIs Bindings RTOS BSP HW Standardized

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Smart-Radio-on-a-Chip
IP-based network Monodyne

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Design Issues of SDR Modem

DSP

Using signal processing compensate a microwave circuit deterioration Recognize what kind of signal processing is done in RF-Band and Baseband

SDR

MICROWAVE CIRCUIT

ADC/DAC

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4G Modem Technologies
Reliable High Rate/Broadband Transmission Flexible applying of various modulation Adaptive SDR System to Varying Channel & QoS More Capacity & Spatial Diversity => Space-Time Processing Multiple Access for Higher rate packet High Spectral Efficiency => OFDM For Varying Channel & QoS => Link Adaptation Techniques

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Signal processing in base-band and IF/RF

base-band IF/ RF Echo cancellation Equalization

spectrum spreading
de-spreading Synchronization

SDR RF (GSM2Plus + CDMA + 3GPP + 3GPP2 ) RF front-end - / RF , PDC/PUC (Programmable Down/Up Converter)
/ RF RF PLL VCO
ICU 2003

modulation/ Demodulation
Timing recovery coding/decoding CDMA,OFDM

48

Digital Radio
Selects the channel according to different carrier frequency and different channel bandwidth using fixed analog-defined channel selection filters.
Downconvert (LNA/Mixer /Filter) Digital Output

Diplexer Diplexer

Frequency Synthesizer

IF Processing (Amp)

Baseband Processing (Modem)

Bit-stream Processing

Upconvert (Mixer/ Filter /Amp) RF Processing

Analog Output

Analog
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Digital

Software Defined Radio (Heterodyne )

the multi-channels are fed to the single wideband analog-stage. Then all channels are converted to digital signal with one wideband high-speed ADC. The desired channel is then selected from the digitized multi-channels with the software-defined channel selection filters in the digital-stage.
IF IF Processing (Channelizer /De- /Dechannelizer) Baseband Processing Processing (Modem) (Modem)

Diplexer Amp

A/D D/A

Bit-stream Processing

Analog
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Digital

Software Radio (Homodyne )

Software
Hardware/Software Co-design

DAC DAC

Reconfigurable (Programmable) Processor - Processor

Network Network

ADC ADC
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A mostly digital receiver architecture

RF Filter Custom Analog IC Custom Digital IC
Digital Baseband Processing Analog Front-End A/D Converter

53

Go digital at the earliest possible stage Use system level design choices to simplify the analog RF requirements as much as possible Rely on low power digital design techniques to compensate for increased baseband complexity
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Step 1: make as much of the circuitry digital as possible

Information Input DIGITAL I-F UPCONVERTER Wideband DAC RF UP CONVERTER RF POWER AMP ANTENNA SW ITCHING SYSTEM I P r o g r a m m a bl e D S P Q I-F

Ant

I
DIGITAL Wideband I-F ADC Q DOWNCONVERTER AGC

I-F

RF DOWN CONVERTER

RF LOWNOISE AMP

Information output

Software-Defined Cellphone

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Step 2: achieve programmability at higher frequencies to reduce hardwares to be used for multi-mode cellphone
Information Input I Pr ogr ammabl e DSP Q Wideband DAC Wideband DAC Wideband ADC Wideband ADC RF Quadrature upconverter POWER AMP Ant

AGC AGC

RF

Quadrature downconverter

LOWNOISE AMP

Information output Direct-Conversion Cellphone

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Dual Mode (2G/3G) Transceiver Configuration

DSP
FRONT END WB FIL A/D DE SPREAD RAKE DEM

for 3G System
P.A. ANT CONT FRONT END NB FIL DEM for 2G System WB FIL SPREAD MOD CODEC

P.A.

NB FIL

MOD

CODEC

CONT

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W-CDMA,CDMA2000
Algorithm Modulator Demodulator Despreader Searcher Time Tracker AFC Channel estimator Lock detector RAKE combiner Power control Channel codec Rate matching Multiplexing Partitioning CDMA2000 S/W part(DSP) WCDMA S/W part(DSP) H/W part (ASIC)

RF

Conversion to IF and A/D

Flexible H/W part (FRBA or FPGA)

Baseband processing

I/O controller
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Process controller

Program memory

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16

Problems in SDR
Existing portable phones are very compact, with long battery life, High MIPS and low cost. Illegal use causes serious interference Download problem. The volume of s/w downloaded increases -> time is lengthened Manufacturer-specific know-how can be leak out security S/W Virus or hackers The method of managing several units for multi-mode and multi-mode systems and placement of broadband antenna
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 High frequency MMIC(Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit) analog Interface between analog and digital wideband/high speed/high resolution ADC and DAC chip Digital Processing - DSP (Digital Signal Processor) ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Ci rcuit) FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)
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More Performance for future SDR

Some Quotes from SDR Forum

SDR delivers a robust set of features to the consumer in a cost efficient manner for the provider. - Brian Tropper, President, Tropper SDR bridges multiple standards as well as legacy and future systems. SDR has great a future and will open the doors for software developers. - Mark Adams, VP, Software Technology, Inc Time is now. Vendors have technology in place to offer products. -

Technologies

Dr. Eric Christensen, Technical Staff Engineer, Motorola

Mark Cummings, President, CEO, enVia Its inevitable. - Graham Mostyn, VP System Engineering, Chameleon Systems SDR is a mainstream way to solve problems. - Rodger Hosking, VP, Pentek Harris is a strong supporter of SDR. - John Fitton, Senior Scientist, Harris Corp. SDR is indispensable. - Mitsuyuki Goami, General Manager, Kokusai Electric Co SDR will be the only way radios operate. - Karl Davis, Senior Principal Software Engineer, Raytheon

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Software Radio Phase Space

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SDR Adoption Timeline,

SDR Forum
Duration 2000 2001

Base Stations Product Introduction Limited use by Infrastructure Manufacturers Increased use due to 3G

Terminals
Almost no usage Initial usage as multi-mode, multiband Cellular/PCS in high-end and roaming products Used for 3G capabilities (information centric product, embedded applications in computers, autos...) Widespread adoption by most manufacturers as core platform

2003

2005

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Reconfigurable Radio Systems

Business Model

Terminals

Applications

Regulation

Application

System

Base Stations Network

Middleware Services

Spectrum

Standards

Enabling Technologies

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R&D in Reconfigurable Radio Systems & Networks in Europe

5

(number of projects)

Baseband

Application

RF

Antenna

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Spectrum

Term inal Base Station Network Business Model

IF

Project
3GPP WCDMA SDR Test Bed
Software Radio Base & Personal Station Prototypes ARIB - Software Receiver Technology

Asian Activities
Players
Samsung (WCDMA+CDMA2000) (GSM+WCDMA)
NTT

Focus

Receiver technology, global roaming, multi-mode operation

Adaptive array antennas,modulation,signal processing, over-the-air downloads Receiver technology, reconfiguration, software downloads

ARIB (Toshiba, Anritsu, Gunma Univ, Koden Electronics, KDD, Shizuoka Univ, Tokyo Inst of Tech, Tohoku Univ, NEC, JRC, Fujitsu, Japan Defense Academy, CRL) SK Telecom National Natural Science Foundation of China & Tsinghua Univ
ICU 2003

SDR Test Bed Hardware Platform of the SW Radio

Reconfigurable equipment and services - Planning Phase Reconfiguration & Hardware Architecture

65

European Activities
Project
LCM Mobile Communications Laboratory

Players
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne & Institut Eurecom

Focus
3G real time test bed; adaptive antennas, reconfiguration, multi-user antennas, base stations

TRUST (Transparently Reconfigurable UbiquitouS Terminal)

http://www.ist-trust.org

European Commission User terminal (France Telecom, Telefonica, reconfiguration, multi-mode, Siemens, Motorola, multi-band operation Panasonic, Bosch) European Commission (ST Microelectronics, Alcatel, France Telecom, CSELT, Sirius, Thomson)
http://www.ist-sodera.org

PASTORAL (Platform And Software for Terminals: Operationally ReconfigurAbLe) SODERA (re-configurable low power radio architecture for SDR) MOBIVAS (Mobile ValueAdded Services)

Re-configurable, real-time platform for 3G mobile base band development

European Commission (Thomson, NEC, Unis, Innovators, Hellenic Telecommunications Org, Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications)
ICU 2003

Define, design, develop, and validate an integrated application architecture for SDR software downloads

66

North American Activities

Project
CHARIOT (Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter-Operable Telecommunications), Government &Virginia Tech
JTRS(Joint Tech. Radio System)

Focus
Smart antenna and reconfiguration

sw , SDR forum 2001.11 SCA 2.2 CPU, GPS , Standardization

ISI(Information Sciences Institute) SORT (Software radio technologies) SLATS (Software libraries for advanced terminal solutions) PROMULA (Programmable Multimode radio for multimedia wireless terminals)

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SDR -
C4I
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 SDR (,) , 1996 ,

, S/W ,

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SPEAKEasy
1970 DARPA Phase-1 (1992 - 1995): 4-, Phase-2 (1995 2000): - RF , ,
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Joint Tactical Radio System

AN/PRC-117F SDR , Harris

Joint Tactical Radio System 2C

, , / 30-512 MHz

, , , ( ) 225400 MHz

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GloMo Project (Global Mobile Information)

BBN Technologies - Support for distributed real-time MMWN(Multimedia applications in Mobile Wireless Networks) SRI International - Advanced secure wireless integrated networks Camegie Mellon University - Pyxis-Middleware for distributed multimedia programming Rutgers University - Dataman project-information services for low powered mobile clients - Numble-many time, many where communications support for information system
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GloMo Project
SAIC - SEAM-LSS(Simulation and Evaluation of Adaptive Mobile Large Scale networks Systems) Virginia Tech MPRG(Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group)[8] - Software radio using reconfigurable computing Stanford University - Low power distributed mobile networks - Reconfigurable multimode, multi-band information transfer systems UTPA(University of Texas-Pan American) - - Generic control channel mechanism
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 UCLA(University of California in LA) - Handheld untethered nodes for high performance wireless network systems - Design of mobile adaptive networks using simulation and agent technology(GloMo SIM) UCSC(University of California, Santa Cruz) - SPARROW(Secure Protocols for Adaptive, Robust, Reliable, and Opportunistic WINGs) University of California, Berkeley[10] - Towards a wireless overlay internetworking architecture - BARWAN(Bay Area Research Wireless Access Network) University of Kansas - RDRN(Rapidly deployable radio networks)[11]
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GloMo Project

(Changeable Advanced Radio for Inter Operable Telecommunications) - - Analog Device ADSP-21020 - Analog Device ADSP-21020 multistage - - -
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CHARIOT, Virginia Tech

AFFL/IF Multiband Multimode Radio

Radio SW QoS JTRS compliant plug and play HW/SW
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Commercial SDR Drivers

Global Cellular/PCS Markets US - delayed to exploit capital investment in analog systems Europe - GSM to share common R&D & platforms Japan - Exhausted PHS & PDC spectrum for CDMA Proliferation of standards and spectral capacity call for multiband, multimode services on single carrier systems
Market USA Japan Europe
77

First Generation

Second Generation

Third Generation

AMPS & Derivatives TDMA, CDMA, GSM UW136, Edge/NA, 3GCDMA-DS, 3GCDMA-MC
NTT-Analog, JTACS PHS, PDC, GSM Various Analog Stds GSM
ICU 2003

3GCDMA-DS IMT-2000, 3GCDMA-TDD

Business Model for Wireless PCS

Financial Institution APn Application Providers FI OEMn
OEM System Suppliers

Peter G. Cook, Stephen Hope

Regulators

MMM
MultiMedia Mgr

SP
Service Provider Clearcut Communications

NO
Network Operator

Um

Users
Enhanced Capability

WL CPn Content Providers FD

Function Developer (SDR)

Wireline Operator Wireless Personal Area Network Roaming Network Operating

PAN

RN Transaction Flow

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Generic Business Model

HW Upgrade Asynchronous lifecycles Product 8 years Chips 3 years Sw / Com. 2 years Various Military Programs SW 3d party Editor System Provider Specify Define System Customer Consultant

Responsible for multiple WFs Responsible for 1 WF Integration validation certification Fee : OS, ORB, SCA ... SW Editor

Interconnect with net provided by

Integrator WF Assembler GLUE HW Manufacturer Editor

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GNU Radio
Its a free software defined radio A platform for signal processing on commodity hardware Create a practical environment for experimentation & product delivery Expand the free software ethic into what were previously hardware intensive arenas
http://www.gnu.org/software/gnuradio http://www.opencores.org/projects/pci
Eric Blossom, eb@comsec.com

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 SDR is useful cost saving (not necessary replacing hardware) enhancing the system performance of functions SDR depends on - progress of hardware technology and - high speed and low power consumption DSP and ADC/DAC, tunable and low loss filter, ultra wideband power amplifier Standardization of SDR
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Conclusion


Software Radio Architecture ObjectOriented Approaches to wireless Systems Engineering - J. Mitola III Simulation and Software Radio for mobile communications - H. Harada & R. Prasad Software Defined Radio, Origins, Drivers and International Perspectives edited by Walter Tuttlebee
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