TRAINING

WIN-S

PARALLEL OPERATION OF

DIESEL GENERATOR

1 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING PARALLEL OPERATION OF D.G. SETS SYNCHRONISING AFTER SYNCHRONISING ? PARALLEL OPERATION

WIN-S

2 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SYNCHRONISING BASIC REQUIREMENTS

WIN-S

CONDITIONS TO BE CHECKED ON INCOMER & BUSBAR

EQUAL RMS VOLTAGES

SAME PHASE SEQUENCE EQUAL FREQUENCIES EQUAL INSTANTENUOUS VOLTAGE (CHECK FOR SYNCHRONISM)
3

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SYNCHRONISING CONTROL SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

WIN-S

COMPARE MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY, INDICATE THE RELATIVE STATUS FACILITATE ADJUSTMENT OF VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY - MANUAL OR AUTO CHECK FOR SYNCHRONISM FACILITATE SYNCH. BRKR CLOSURE - MANUAL OR AUTO ISOLATE SYNCH. SYSTEMS AFTER BREAKER CLOSURE - MANUAL OR AUTO
4

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SYNCHRONISING DEVICES USED

WIN-S

DOUBLE VOLTMETER DOUBLE FREQUENCY METER SYNCHROSCOPE - CHECK SYNCHRONISING RELAY AUTO SYNCHRONISER PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS

5 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SYNCHRONISING SYNCHRONISING FIRST TIME! EMPLOY PHASING OUT TECHNIQUES - USING

WIN-S

A. ON SECONDARY SIDE OF P.T

PHASE SEQUENCE INDICTOR LAMP METHOD

ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
HT PHASING PROBES BY STARTING AN AC MOTOR WHOSE D.O.R ALREADY CONFIRMED WITH EXISTING SOURCE
6

B. ON H.T. SIDE

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SYNCHRONISING

WIN-S

MAINTAIN SPEED & VOLTAGE HIGHER TO PREVENT REVERSE POWER OR REVERSE KVAR TRIP. NEUTRAL OF ONE M/C TO REMAIN CLOSED TO PREVENT EARTH FAULT RELAY OPERATION.
MAY BE NECESSARY TO FLOAT ALL NEUTRALS DURING GRID PARALLEL OPERATION.

7 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING MODES OF PARALLEL OPERATION OF D.G. SETS

WIN-S

GRID PARALLEL MODE ONE OR MORE SETS IN PARALLEL WITH GRID

ISLAND PARALLEL MODE MORE THAN ONE SET SHARING COMMON LOAD

END
8 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

GRID PARALLEL OPERATION STABLE GRID. DG CONTINUES TO SUPPLY KW & KVAR AS SET INITIALLY. UNSTABLE GRID. KW DECREASES WITH INCREASE IN GRID FREQUENCY AND VICE VERSA. KVAR DECREASES WITH GRID INCREASE IN VOLTAGE AND VICE VERSA.

9 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING GRID PARALLEL OPERATION HOW TO CONTROL?

WIN-S

AUTOMATIC KW REGULATOR & GOVERNOR MOTOR TO ADJUST SPEED OF ENGINE TO MAINTAIN KW LOAD. AUTOMATIC KVAR / PF REGULATOR & AVR TO ADJUST VOLTAGE OF THE ALTERNATOR TO MAINTAIN THE SET POWER FACTOR AND HENCE KVAR LOAD. PLCS CAN ALSO BE USED TO MAINTAIN KW AND KVAR LOAD1
10

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING GRID PARALLEL OPERATION

WIN-S

DIFFICULTIES

REVERSE POWER FLOW TO GRID, WHEN

GENERATION IS MORE THAN DEMAND GRID FAILS WITHOUT PHYSICAL ISOLATION

OVERLOAD CAUSED BY TRANSFER OF GRID SHARE OF PLANT LOAD ON RUNNING DGs.

OVER VOLTAGE DUE TO LEADING POWER FACTOR CAUSED BY EXCESS POWER FACTOR IMPROVING CAPACITORS.
11

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING GRID PARALLEL OPERATION

WIN-S

HOW TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTIES?

USE OF DIRECTIONAL POWER RELAY AND GRID SENSING RELAY TO SENSE GRID FAILURE AND TO,

ISOLATE GRID DEACTIVATE REGULATORS ISOLATE NON ESSENTIAL LOADS ISOLATE PF IMPROVING CAPACITORS

12 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING GRID PARALLEL OPERATION

WIN-S

MOST IMPORTANT ! PROVIDE INTERLOCKS TO PREVENT GRID BREAKER CLOSURE WITHOUT SYNCHRONISING

WHEN GRID SUPPLY RESUMES

13 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING SPEED (VOLTAGE) DROOP

WIN-S Solo Mode

SPEED (VOLTAGE) DROOP IS THE REDUCTION IN SPEED (VOLTAGE) FROM NO LOAD SPEED (VOLTAGE) VALUE TO FULL LOAD VALUE. EXPRESSED AS PERCENTAGE OF RATED VALUE ;

%DROOP = (NO LOAD VALUE - FULL LOAD VALUE) X 100 RATED VALUE

14 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING

WIN-S

ISLAND PARALLEL OPERATION RELATION BETWEEN DROOP AND LOAD SHARING CAPACITY DROOP LOAD SHARING EQUAL EQUAL UNEQUAL EQUAL UNEQUAL EQUAL EQUAL 1

LOWER DROOP - HIGHER LOAD AND VICE VERSA PROPORTIONAL TO CAPACITY 2

UNEQUAL

UNEQUAL

PROPORTIONAL TO CAPACITY & INVERSLEY PROPORTIONAL TO DROOP

15

TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING ISLAND PARALLEL OPERATION DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED

WIN-S

VARIATIONS IN LOAD SHARING - ENGINE OR GOVERNOR RESPONSE DIFFICULTY TO SHARE TO DERATED CAPACITY

FALL IN SYSTEM FREQUENCY AND VOLTAGE DROOP CHARACTERISTICS

16 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING ISLAND PARALLEL OPERATION HOW TO OVERCOME?

WIN-S

ISOCHRONOUS MODE - DROOP OF ONE DG

IS SET LESS THAN THE OTHERS ( MASTER

SLAVE CONCEPT)

USING SUITABLE CONTROL SYSTEMS

17 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING
LOAD SHARING BETWEEN TWO MACHINES EQUAL RATINGS - DIFFERENT DROOPS

WIN-S

NOMINAL SPEED OPERATING SPEED 50 Hz 49 48 47 ___________________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _______ M/c 1

LOAD on M/c 2

M/c 2

F R E Q U E N C Y
LOAD ON M/c 1

0 0 LOAD - %

100%

18 TS-E/TRG/2000

TRAINING
LOAD SHARING BETWEEN TWO MACHINES DIFFERENT RATINGS - EQUAL DROOP NOMINAL SPEED 50 Hz 49 48 OPERATING SPEED 1 OPERATING SPEED 2

WIN-S

F R E Q U E N C Y

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _| _ _ _ _ _ _ _| __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | | | | | 4 MW | 6 MW | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LOAD ON 6MW | SET | | AT OP. SP 1 | | | | | | LOAD ON 4MW | | | SET AT OP.SP-1 | | | | | | LOAD ON 4 MW | SET | | AT OP. SP - 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LOAD ON 6 MW | SET AT OP | SP - 2 | | | | ! ! ! 0 2 MW 3 MW 4 MW 6 MW 4.5 MW LOAD

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