ENGINEERING STANDARDS

By Palaniyappan K. Bangalore.

INTRODUCTION
The idea of the designer (product) must be conveyed to the production engineer so as to enable him to manufacture it. The shop floor engineer can be made to understand easily the shape, size and production processes required to manufacture the product only through sketches. The sketches, when drawn accurately according to the standards to convey all the necessary information to enable it for manufacturing and assembly, are called manufacturing drawing.

Standards
As Manufacturing Drawings are used to communicate technical information both within and outside a country, for the unmistakable exchange of technical information both at the national and international levels, it becomes essential to have a uniform drafting practice. The standards and conventions used in drawings are discussed in the following slides.

DRAWING SHEETS
The drawing sheets are standardized and designated as A0, A1, A2, A3 & A4

DRAWING SHEETS
Two successive format of a series of sizes are obtained by halving along the length or doubling along the width. The areas of the two sizes are in the ratio 1:2 as shown in the figure

DRAWING SHEET LAYOUT

TITLE BLOCK
All drawing sheets must have a title block. The format of the title block must be standardized. The title block must contain the name & logo of the organization The title block can have technical information like unspecified tolerance, surface roughness values etc.

TITLE BLOCK
The following details are mentioned in a title block:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

to

be

Designation of the item Drawing number / Group number Project number / Machine number Drawing scale & projection Sheet number & number of sheets Material Drawn / Checked / Approved status Revision status Technical Details

TITLE BLOCK

DRAWING SCALE
All drawings must be drawn to scale. The preferred scales for drawing are

DRAWING SCALE
If any dimension is not as per scale, the dimension text must be underlined. If a dimension is missing, or in case of any doubt, the drawing should never be measured. As far as possible the drawing scale for component drawings must be 1:1

DRAWING DETAILS
The following details are to mentioned in an assembly drawing. be

Complete sketch of the assembly with adequate sections and views. All the parts of the assembly must be shown. Section cutting plane lines, direction of view & section/view names. Overall dimensional details and other important dimensions Two extreme positions of parts which are moving.

DRAWING DETAILS
Partial details of adjacent sub assemblies Details of bought out items with specification Item numbers for the parts. Bill of materials indicating part number, designation, quantity etc. Other necessary instructions if required in the form of notes.

DRAWING DETAILS
The following details are to be mentioned in a component drawing.
Complete sketch of the part with adequate sections and views should be shown. Section cutting plane lines, direction of view & section/view names should be specified. Complete dimensional details should be provided with tolerance wherever required. Reference surface & geometrical accuracy details should be provided wherever required

DRAWING DETAILS
Surface finish and General surface finish requirements should be mentioned. Heat treatment details if necessary should be given in the drawing. Other necessary instructions if required in the form of notes can be provided in the drawing.

Bill of Materials
When the design of a mechanism or assembly/ subassembly of a machine has been completed, a bill of materials or a part list is made. This list must show the drawing number, part name, material used, blank size, standard number and quantity required in the assembly/ subassembly. The bill of materials must also show a list of all standard parts, quantity required and remarks if any.

PART LIST / BILL OF MATERIAL

Sl No.

Name

Dwg No.

Material

Qty

Size

Std No.

Remarks

Project No. Project Name Assy/ Sub-assy No.

Prepared By Approved By Date Revision LOGO LOGO

NUMBER REGISTER Assy / Part Dwg No. Name Used in Assy

Project No. Project Name

Prepared By Approved By Date Revision

LOGO

LOGO

LINE TYPES

TYPES OF LINES
A. Continuous thick: Visible outlines (outlines to be bold & dark) B. Continuous thin: Dimension lines, leader lines, extension lines, construction lines, outlines of adjacent parts & hatch lines. C. Continuous thin wavy: Irregular boundary lines, short break lines. D. Short dashes medium: Hidden outline & edges.

TYPES OF LINES
E. Long chain thin: Center lines, pitch circles, extreme positions of movable parts. F. Long chain thick at ends & thin elsewhere: Cutting plane lines G. Long chain thick: To indicate surfaces which are to receive additional treatment. H. Short zigzag thin : Long break lines.

TYPES OF LINES (Application)

Recommended Sizes for Letters & Numerals

DRAWING CONVENSIONS

DRAWING CONVENSIONS

DRAWING CONVENSIONS

DRAWING CONVENSIONS

CENTER HOLES
The dimensions for center holes is as indicated in page 133 of CMTI hand book. The representation of center holes on a drawing is as indicated in page 134 of CMTI hand book.

RELIEF GROOVES

The standards & dimensions of relief grooves for different application are as indicated in page 139 of CMTI hand book.

DIMENSIONING
Dimension is a numerical value expressed in appropriate units of measurement & indicated graphically on technical drawings with lines, symbols & notes, so that the feature is completely defined. Individual drawings shall use the same unit for all dimensions without showing the unit symbol. Each feature shall be dimensioned only once in a drawing.

DIMENSIONING
Different ways of dimensioning: Linear dimensioning Angular dimensioning Aligned dimensioning Ordinate dimensioning Co-ordinate dimensioning Radius/Diameter Leader

DIMENSIONING
Classification of dimensions: Functional: A dimension that is essential to the function of the component. Non-functional: A dimension that is not essential to the function of the component. Auxiliary: A dimension given for information only. It does not govern production or inspection. An auxiliary dimension is enclosed in brackets & no tolerance applies to it.

DIMENSIONING

DIMENSIONING

DIMENSIONING

DIMENSIONING

Thank You