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As the search for petroleum becomes more extreme in terms of depths, pressures, and temperatures, innovative technologies have been formulated for High-Pressure, HighTemperature (HPHT) drilling.
Introduction. Challenges faced by HPHT Drilling fluids. New technologies in HPHT Drilling fluids. Preventive measures of Barite Sagging.
HPHT wells are defined as wells that have an initial reservoir pressure greater than 10k psi(69 MPa) or reservoir temperature greater than 300 oF(149oC).
When dealing with High Pressure and Temperature everything becomes more challenging due to the natural conditions taking place within the wellbore and reservoir.
Under high temperatures , high pressures it becomes extremely difficult to control the gelation.
Plastic viscosity
Yield stress and gels Sufficient to prevent sag, but not as high as to cause gelation, or high surge and swab pressures.
HPHT fluid loss As low as reasonably possible to prevent formation damage and risk of differential sticking.
HPHT Rheology
Stability to contaminants Stability to aging Weighing Gas solubility
Typically, oil-base drilling fluids are preferred over their water-base counterparts in applications where bottom hole temperatures can approach 260 C (500 F) with shut-in pressures to 25,000 psi, thereby requiring densities as high as 19 lb/gal. More areas are prohibiting the discharge of oilbase fluids and cuttings, which increases waste management costs and potential liabilities.
Invert emulsion fluids have been used for drilling HP/HT wells, and the technology is adequate for temperatures up to 500F.
FORMATE BRINE
Cesium formate brine has been used in numerous challenging HPHT wells . Cesium formate brine is a high-density, lowviscosity clear fluid that provides the basis for a non-damaging, hydraulically efficient HPHT reservoir drilling fluid.
VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS
BARITE SAGGING
BARITE SAGGING
The significant density variations during some operations that require the mud to remain static for an extended period of time. Static sag, is caused when circulation is stopped for an extended period of time and the weighting agents begin to settle under the influence of gravity.
BARITE SAGGING
REFERENCES
Article adapted from AADE Paper No. 10-DF-HO37, "Environmentally Responsible Water-based Drilling Fluid for HPHT Applications," presented at the 2010 AADE Fluids Conference and Exhibition. Article based on a paper presented at the IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, Bangkok, Thailand. www.cabotspecialityfluids.com www.spe.onepetro.com
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