BIOENERGY

PREPARED BY, DURGADEVI MOHAN S15307

BIOENERGY
BioEnergy is one of the oldest energy sources. It is renewable energy derived from biological sources living or recently living organisms. It includes the production of electricity, heat and transportation fuel. Source of bioenergy is Biomass.

Bioenergy is a renewable source of energy.

BIOENERGY
BIOFUEL

BIOFUEL
Can be defined as solid, liquid or gas fuel consisting of or derived from biomass. It helps to meet the transportation fuel need.
Biodiesel Ethanol Methanol Methane-from landfill and animal waste Hydrogen

The combustion of biofuel generates pollution as a by-product. However, because the carbon in biofuels was recently extracted from atmospheric carbon dioxide by growing plants, the combustion of a biofuel does not result in a net increase of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. These fuels are being used worldwide in a variety of vehicle.

BIOFUEL -> BIOGAS

Biogas is a type of biofuel where, crude methane is generated from organic waste materials. Example of organic waste turned into biogas:
Dead plant or animal material Animal feces Kitchen waste

Comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) , small amount of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), siloxanes and nitrogen.

ADVANTAGE OF BIOGAS
Renewable energy source. Reduce waste materials Domestically can be produced. Alternative to diminishing fossil fuels. Reduce net greenhouse gas emission.

Processing BIOGAS
Step 1 (Collecting waste products)
Oil Palm Frond (OPF), Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) are collected from plantations.

* As Malaysia is 1 of the biggest oil palm producing country, Ive used the waste materials from oil palm plantation as raw material.

Processing BIOGAS
Step 2 (Crushing)
The raw materials are added into the crusher to be turned into smaller pieces to ease the fermentation process.

Processing BIOGAS
Step 3 (Steam Explosion)
The crushed raw materials are pumped into a steamer. High pressure and temperature around 150 celcius are used to cook the raw materials. Then the mixture/ sludge is cooled down for the next process.

Processing BIOGAS
Step 4 The sludge is flowed to thermophilic digester. The digester is oxygen-free tank with microorganisms in it. The sludge remains in the tanks for 20-30 days at 100C. The microorganisms will digest the organic material into biogas. We can also get biofertilizer as a by-bioproduct.

Processing BIOGAS
Step 5 (Pipeline purification)
The biogas obtained is purified through pipeline purification method. The crude methane has a lot of impurities such as hydrogen sulphide and this need to be removes before used as biofuel in vehicles. The biogas is passed through a bed of adsorbent at feed pressure . The result is Biomethane gas with 97% methane and has quality of natural gas.

My Biogas Plant
Biomethane

Oil palm plantation

Cost of Biogas production

The raw materials (which are waste products) from Oil Palm Plantations can be obtained for free of charge. But transportation cost is involved to transport them to the processing plant. The cost of building and set-up the processing plant could be the highest production cost involved. As Malaysia is still in early stage of producing Bioenergy, we will have to import the machineries from oversea e.g United Kingdom and Australia. Other than that, cost would be involved for the purchase of large fermentation tanks. For the generators in our processing plant we can use the biogas produced thus, reducing the electricity cost.

CONCLUSION
T he demand for bioenergy as an alternative source for the diminishing fossil fuel is increasing lately.

Biomethane a type of biofuel is being used in many countries for their vehicles. Hence, production of biogas can be profitable in long term and is an ideal choice of investment for a better future.