Making Horses Thirsty: Increasing Motivation to Learn

Clayton Austin, Ph.D. clayton.austin@cengage.com (o) 904.358.6623 (m) 904.465.3966

What We Do
WZCCOO

Professional Development Workshops and Conferences Peer-to-Peer Consultation On Campus Implementation Training

Wendy (?) Madeline (16) Amanda (16) Logan (14)

Adolescent Psychology Educational Psychology

Curriculum Coordinator Student Success

A man maie well bring a horse to the water, But he can not make him drinke without he will.
A dialogue conteinyng the nomber in effect of all the prouerbes in the Englishe tongue, John Heywood, 1546

Uh-oh Bubba, looks like this one is about a quart low on motivation better just close the hood.

Maybe we should check the IQ level?

LIBIDO THANATOS

Would you like to?

On an index card, finish this sentence I like to/I would like to _________.

Think of something few others would like to do. As cards are read, stand up if you would like to, too.

Who is motivated to do a crossword puzzle in 7 letter words : Abdruck, Ausfuhr, Ausland, Etagere, gerecht, illegal, Laertes, Legende, Notfall, Pelikan, virtuos Who is motivated to do a 8 letter words : Ebenholz, Grimasse, Oelfarbe German? 9 letter words : Allegorie, Epaulette, Erzaehler, Nitschewo
10 letter words : Extrawurst, Weingarten

Who is motivated to do a crossword puzzle?

4 letter words : Cela, Ecke, Mono, raet, Sete. 5 letter words : Akten, Alter, altig, Dakar, genau, Guete, Larve, Lasso, Liste, Manie, Opfer, Pfote, Tonic, Waadt 6 letter words : Ataman, Einehe, eirund, Figaro, Flocke, Glarus, Ikarus, Indigo, morsch, online, Rebell, single, Weiler

logic puzzle?

Motivation is not inside a person

It is between a person and a task

The Dilemma

In their own words

Think of a specific task or assignment that your students are not motivated to do. Be as specific as possible.

Write on a sticky note what that person would say about completing their task. Write down their exact words.

Quantity
Do you have a lot or a little?

Quality

Is it long-lasting, persistent, steady, resilient, adaptive?

Quantity

V=M
Remember multiplication of zero?

Expectancy x Value = Motivation

V=M
+ or -

Expectancy x Value = Motivation

How possible is it?

Is it useful?

+ or How good am at it?

Is it interesting?

Student

Task
Expectancy

Motivation

X
Value

Ulysses

Aaron

How would identify each students specific issue?

Irene

Gretchen

Fill in the equation for your student

Expectancy X Value

Motivation

How achievable is it?

How good are you at it?

(0-5)

(0-5)

How useful is it? (0-5)

How interesting is it?

(0-5)

How motivated are you? (0-100)

He does not value it because it is not useful

She does not value it because it is not interesting

He does not expect success because it is not achievable.

Se does not expect success because she is not good at the task.

Fill in the equation for your student

Expectancy X Value

Motivation

How achievable is it?

How good are you at it?

(0-5)

(0-5)

How useful is it? (0-5)

How interesting is it?

(0-5)

How motivated are you? (0-100)

Ulysses
When am I going to use this? This is too hard!

Aaron

How would you help each student with their specific issue?

This is boring!

I am no good at this!

Irene

Gretchen

Ulysses
Make it concrete
Make it personal Make it authentic Make it fun

Aaron
Success stories
Provide task support

Model success Detail improvement

Irene

Gretchen

Quantity
Do you have a lot or a little?

Quality

Is it long-lasting, persistent, steady, resilient, adaptive?

Think back to your initial college experience.

What was the quality of your motivation?

Was it longlasting, persistent, steady, resilient, adaptive?

Think. Pair. Share.

Before First Year of College

After First Year of College

Quality

Extrinsic
Rewards/Punishment Pride /Shame Fame/Image

Intrinsic
Autonomy Competence Relatedness

Autonomy
Relationship Competence

Why fore such things matter?

Academic fitness motivated by the rewards and punishments of extrinsic motivation:

Make the grade baby!

Lifes pressing question is Will this be on the test? Memorizing what you should be understanding

Result, only the APPEARANCE

of academic fitness

Why fore such things matter?

Academic fitness motivated by the autonomy, competence, relatedness of intrinsic motivation
Seek to memorize and understand Persistence during struggle to understand Increased creativity and personal application

Result, the

ACTUALITY of academic fitness

Whats my motivation?

This is Kelly Read your case study and determine motivation This is Logan

and circle the words or phrases that are clues

This is Kelly

to get the grade, baby! .to get parent/teacher approval to feel pride in GPA .to avoid feelings of failure

This is Logan

to be educated and cultured .to provide for yourself and loved ones

for the sheer joy, pleasure and interest of learning

Student

Task
Autonomy

Motivation

Relationship
Competence

More autonomous, academically adjusted 1st year college student

More controlled academically maladjusted 1st year college student Timmermans, Vansteenkiste, and Lens (2004)

I have always wanted to go to college so that I could get a good paying job. I was waiting to save up enough money, but I never could. So, I gave up trying to save and decided to take out loans to go to college. It took me 10 yrs to decide this. I am going to college, so that I can have a better opportunity of being able to provide for myself and my family, without to live paycheck-to-paycheck. Assiduous
Location: Houston, TX

Katz Palace

Location: Silver Lake, KS

I plan on going to college next year because it is expected of me. It is in my life plan to go to college right after high school. It is what my parents want for me and it is what I want.

Rsosher

Location: [Unknown]

Foreign36
Location: Cobeskill, NY

I think it is important to get a college education, not only for the diploma, but for the college experience. I live in a dorm and work as a resident assistant and living in a community setting has taught me so much about communicating with other students as well as faculty and the importance of being active in a larger group. Its a great feeling to know that I have had an impact on students that I live and work with.
.

Good News!
As a teacher, you have a significant effect on the quality of motivation your students adopt!

As a teacher, you have a significant effect on the quality of motivation your students adopt!

Bad News

 Instructors who frame intrinsic goals for students

Instructors who frame no goals for students Instructors who frame extrinsic goals for students
Vansteenkiste, Lens, and Deci, 2006

Write an intrinsic goal fortune cookie

How do I support autonomy?

Let students handle materials Ask about students wants Respond to questions Foster task relevance Express students emotional perspectives Dont give answers Provide rationale for activities Promote task value Give positive and negative feedback Personalize Contextualize Provide choice Give less should statements

How do I support autonomy?

Grade
TALK

Grade

How do I grade to support autonomy?

Respond to questions Dont give answers Give positive and negative feedback Provide choice

How to Grade Papers

1. Stack papers 2. Knock stack over 3. Grade as follows:
Face up: C Face down: F On side: A

Choose Your Final Grade 1 Exercise

110

Top Teaching Tips

Dean Mancina, Golden West College

http://www.academic.cengage.co m/tlconnect/client/discipline/ar chiveSeminar.do?id=18

Rubrics!
Use free Rubistar website to make quick and easy rubrics Better yet, have your students make them for their own projects/papers Quick change templates or build from scratch

Download in MS Excel, Internet Explorer or Blackboard

Recycle!
Student completes paper, project, or test
i.e. Initial 60% can become final 80%, initial 90% can become 95%

Student addresses comments and can earn up to half of missed points

Student receives grade with detailed comments for improvement

Avoid spending time on special circumstances

Avoid late work

Show appreciation for complexity of student lives and learning

How do I assign to support autonomy?

Let students handle materials Foster task relevance Provide rationale for activities Personalize Contextualize Provide choice

Which pajamas do you want to wear?

Allow students to focus on course Write a 500 word article for a student paper. Interview a topics of particular interest successful college graduate. Tell More authentic or real world their story connecting it to at Encourage higher order thinking, least three key course concepts. Incorporate a photo, and at least instead of just memorizing one song lyric or line of poetry.

A compilation of class essays, quotes, and photos.

Talk

How do I talk to support autonomy?

Ask about students wants Respond to questions Express students emotional perspectives Dont give answers Promote task value Give positive and negative feedback Give less should statements

Whose class will adopt better motivation?

Professor S. Marty Pants or Professor F. Fort

Professor S. Marty Pants

In each of these puzzles, a list of words is given. To solve the puzzle, think of a single word that goes with each to form a compound word (or word pair that functions as a compound word). For example, if the given words are volley, field, and bearing, then the answer would be ball, because the word ball can be added to each of the other words to form volleyball, ballfield, and ball bearing. Do you understand?

Professor S. Marty Pants

Professor F. Fort
We are going to do more compound word puzzles. Are you ready?

Professor F. Fort

Whose class will adopt better motivation?

Professor S. Marty Pants or Professor F. Fort

Praises intelligence, ability, smarts

Praises effort, strategy, persistence

Positive Enthusiastic Communicative

Prof. Pants

Prof. Fort

Attempt easy tasks Quit during struggle After success, students continue to work

Attempt hard tasks

Give more effort during struggle

Prof. Pants

Prof. Fort

Carol Dweck (1999) Caution- Praise Can Be Dangerous

Take off the training wheels!

Thank you!

Clayton Austin, Ph.D. clayton.austin@cengage.com (o) 904.358.6623 (m) 904.465.3966

Autonomy is the octane of motivation

Identified

Quality

Controlled Introjected Intrinsic

Controlled

You are motivated because of the reward/punishment someone else gives you

Introjected Identified

of the reward/punishment you give yourself (i.e. pride/shame) of the inherent value of the activity for yourself

Quality
Intrinsic

of the sheer joy, interest pleasure of the activity

Controlled

You are motivated because of the reward/punishment someone else gives you

Academic Fitness

Physical Fitness
to get attention from romantic interests

to get the grade, baby! .to get parent/teacher approval

.to win neighborhood Biggest Loser

Introjected

You are motivated because of the reward/punishment you give yourself (i.e. pride/shame)

Go to class and study

Diet and Exercise

to feel pride in appearance

to feel pride in GPA .to avoid feelings of failure

.to feel less ashamed of other shortcomings

Identified

You are motivated because of the inherent value of the activity for yourself

Go to class and study Diet and Exercise

to be healthy and live long

.to better live for yourself and loved ones

to be educated and cultured .to provide for yourself and loved ones

Intrinsic

You are motivated because of the inherent value of the activity for yourself

Go to class and study for the sheer joy, pleasure and interest of learning

Diet and Exercise for the sheer joy and pleasure of eating broccoli and running

Why fore such things matter?

Physical fitness motivated by the rewards and punishments of extrinsic motivation:

Lots of caffeine/nicotine to suppress appetite

Exercise in ways that increase Wow! factor Eating lots low-calorie and non-nutritious foods to feel full (i.e. pickles and Diet Mountain Dew)

Result, only the APPEARANCE

of physical fitness

Why fore such things matter?

Physical fitness motivated by the autonomy, competence, relatedness of intrinsic motivation
Avoid abuse of chemicals
Exercise in ways that increase strength, flexibility, and endurance Eating moderate amounts of low-calorie and nutritious foods

Result, the

ACTUALITY of physical fitness

Chuck Norris doesnt wear a watch, HE decides what time it is. Chuck Norris can slam a revolving door. Chuck Norris can lead a horse to water AND make it drink. Chuck Norris counted to infinity - twice. Chuck Norris can kill two stones with one bird. Chuck Norris can eat just one Lay's potato chip.