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Ecological Approach
Considers the physical characteristics of the community. The physical form whether it is line community or rounded. What are its boundaries, a river, a sea, or a railway Do they the minimum infrastructure like roads, water, facilities electricity, etc. What is their culture? The way houses are built, the people dress.
2. Structural Approach
Considers the community as a system of roles and relations. In terms of community life there are key persons within who exercise a higher level of participation than others. This people are the formal and informal leaders in the community. To use the structural approach is to find out the power structure in the community, identifying which key people hold the power and if the power is diffused or concentrated.
Diffuse Power
Is a healthy sign of community life. The dynamic of power is used either to improve the level of participation or put an obstacles to such process.
2. Informal Leader
- One who is not in an officially recognized position, but one who exercise influence in the community, particularly in setting disputes, giving advice, facilitating decision making process or communication process.
3. Normative Approach
Is to consider the community as a social personality with its sets of shared values, beliefs and norms.
2. Uses its natural resources while taking steps to conserve them for future generations.
3. Openly recognizes the existence of sub-groups and welcomes their participation in community affairs.
5. Is a problem solving community, it identifies, analyses and organizes to meet its own needs.
6. Has open channels of communications that allows information to flow among all sub-groups of its citizens in all direction.
7. Has legitimate and effective ways to settle disputes and meet needs that arise within the community.
8. Seeks to make each of its systems resources available to all members of the community.
wellness
Community Health
Community health/public health the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, control of communicable diseases, education of individuals in personal hygiene, organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease and the development of social machinery to ensure a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
1. Peace 2. Shelter 3. Education 4. Food 5. Adequate income opportunities 6. Stable eco-system 7. Sustainable resources 8. Social justice
2. Structural Dimension - refers to the community health services and resources or the social indicators such as: a. Utilization pattern of health care services b. Treatment data from various health institutions c. Population ratio d. Demographic characteristics
3. Process Dimension
the process of community functioning and community competence. Community Competence the process whereby the components of the community are able to collaborate effectively in identifying the problems and needs of the community, achieve working consensus on goals and priorities, agree on ways and means to implement, agreed upon goals and cooperate effectively on the required action.
Partnership
- The informed, flexible and negotiated distribution of power among all participants in the process of change for improved community health. - Is important because HEALTH IS NOT GIVEN BUT GENERATED.
2. Preventive Medicine
a. Preventing disease by biological means. b. Preventing the consequences of preventable or treatable chronic diseases (preventing the complications of cancer through early diagnosis and treatment). c. Preventing consequences of nonpreventable and non-curable disease.
Preventive Medicine
3. Public Health Practice a. b. Promotion of Health Development of the maximum potential of the individuals, families and communities.
c.
which
1. Primary Level
- Measures designed to promote general optimum health or the specific protection of man against disease agents. - These are actions taken to prevent the occurrence of health problems. - These includes reducing the risk factors and preventing environmental exposures.
2. Secondary Level
- Focuses on the early identification and treatment of existing health problems and after the occurrence of health problems. - These encompasses those activities in the third health care diagnosis and treatment.
3. Tertiary Level
- Aimed at returning the client to the highest level of functioning possible following treatment of a health problem. - This correlates with the rehabilitative level of health care.
Family-parenting education. Community-well baby and family planning services, basic nutrition and physical fitness.
2. Disease prevention
Specific measures to prevent the disease or disability categorized as: a. clinical immunization and screening diagnosis and treatment of risk factors. b. behavioral focus on lifestyle changes.
c. environmental changes
societal efforts to create a healthful environment. immunization for children family-providing support groups for parents for teenagers. community-chlorination of community water supply
4. Rehabilitation
Limits incapacitation caused by health problems and to prevent recurrences. Physical therapy of post stroke patient. Family- maybe assisted with the chronic debilitation of the familys bread winner. Community-providing services to children of teenage parents.