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BIOME: All the ecosystems that are identified by particular vegetation and climate:
Grasslands Desert Temperate deciduous forest Tropical rainforest Marine Freshwater Estuaries Tundra Taiga (boreal forest/ coniferous forest)
Biomes: climate
Biomes
Biome in different locations can have varying species: Ex: grassland differences American Prairie African Savannah See summary chart in notes
Aphotic
No light Respiration and decomposition only *Use O2 and food (from producers) *Make CO2 and raw nutrients (through respiration-give to photic)
Intertidal= ecotone
Ecosystem
All of the interactions among the populations in a community and the communitys physical surroundings Includes all the BIOTIC (living) factors and the ABIOTIC (non-living) factors Ex of ecosystems: tide pool; stream; field: drop of pond water; a tree; woods
Connections in Ecosystems
Ecosystems endlessly recycle materials and energy
common to all ecosystems.
Pyramid of Energy:
its a one-way street: WHY?
Pyramid of Energy
Producers
Pyramid of Energy
Herbivores
Producers
Pyramid of Energy
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Pyramid of Energy
Omnivores Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Pyramid of Energy
Omnivores Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Pyramid of Energy
Omnivores Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Trophic Levels
Third order consumers Second order consumers First order consumers
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Biomass
Pyramid of Size:
Generally amount of matter stored in organism is inversely proportional to the size of the animals
Hawk
Tertiary carnivore or Quaternary or 4th order consumer Tertiary or 3rd order Trout consumer or secondary carnivore
Biomass
Minnows
Daphnia
Diatoms
Application Question
Turn to your neighbor and each of you give an example to the other of how an abiotic factor can effect a biotic factor Now, can you reverse that?? give an example of how a biotic factor can effect abiotic factors
Niche
An organisms role in its ecosystem What it eats Who eats it Where it lives How it affects its environment Interrelationships
**No two species can occupy the same niche at the same time in the same place.
Niche, cont
Ex: Antelope and African deer: same niche: different place =okay Hares and kangaroos: Same niche, same place & same time = in competition for food & space Galapagos finches: same place & time, diff niches - feeding, nesting sites, habitat all varied based on feet and beak adaptations Fisher and eagle
http://www.txtwriter.com/Backgrounders/graphics/evolution/ page5.jpg http://www.travellerspoint.com/photos/17864/australia,..arri%20gate.jpg
Interrelationships - Symbiosis
Predation: (+/-) Only one benefits; one harmed. (can be +/+ to populationhow?)
Mutualism: (+/+) Both benefitexamples?
ttp://ruina.tam.cornell.edu/Personal%20photos/KonMin_A2_MacroSamples/originals/mosquito.JPG
http://www.greenwaterimages.com/bahamas2005/images/sharkwithremora.jpg