Efficiency and Employment

By Emmanuel Guzmn Alberto Luis Alberto Gonzlez Hctor Jos Beltr Johan Samuel Galvn Rucelis Sanchez

Guzmn

Whats?
Efficiency in general describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. It is often used with the specific purpose of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. "Efficiency" has widely varying meanings in different disciplines.
Guzmn

Measuring
Is defined as expenses as a percentage of revenue (expenses / revenue), with a few variations. A lower percentage is better since that means expenses are low and earnings are high.

Guzmn

Economic Efficiency
In other scope the word Efficiency, converts to a topic of the economy, it means, economic efficiency is subjective, relying on assumptions about the social good created and how well that serves consumers. Basic market forces like the level of prices, employment rates and interest rates can be analyzed to determine the relative improvements made toward economic efficiency from one point in time to another.
Guzmn

 Here, we can see that the economic efficiency is related with the employment. In this way, weve to know what is Full employment. Is an economic concept that refers to the situation in which all citizens of working agepopulation-productive, and they want to, have jobs. In otherwords, is the situation in which labor demand equals supply at the given level ofreal wages.
Guzmn

What is job security and what does it mean

Assurance (or lack of it) that an employee has about the continuity of gainful employment for his or her work life. Job security usually arises from the terms of the contract of employment, or labor legislation that prevents arbitrary termination and layoffs. It may also be affected by general economic conditions.

Luis

 The risk on workforces has increased as successive employment acts have reduced employee protection and as companies have come under intense and growing pressure from pension funds and insurance company shareholders to deliver the highest financial returns in the industrialized world. In times of fierce competition firms must be effective.

Luis

 Even those employers who want to hold out against the new trend are forced to conform. If they allow their wages costs to rise above the industry average, they face loss of market share and financial distress. Market testing, contracting-out, down-sizing and delayering are steadily transferring workers into much less secure work patterns.

Luis

How is technology affecting employment?

Employment in any industry is impacted by the introduction of new technology whose objective is to increase productivity. The initial result of such technological introduction is the reduction of workers to some extent. If the business requirements are increasing, it is possible that the firm or industry must start to hire new workers to meet the increased industry demands. The introduction of technological improvements starts the cycle anew.

Luis

Page 124
Casual work Contract work Delayering Downsizing Flexible labour market Job sharing Outsourcing Restructuring Delocalization Rightsizing
9 8 6 2

1
4 3 7 5 10
Luis

WORDS TO EMPLOY SOMEONE

Appoint Recruit Hire

WORDS TO DISMISS SOMEONE

Fire Lay off Let go
Beltr

1 _________________ Contract Work 2 ___________________________ 3. ________________________ Job Sharing Delayering

Outsourced or Contracted out 4.1 _____________________ 4.2 ____________________ Relocate Or Delocalize

5. 1 _________________ Downsized Or Rightsized 5.2 _____________________ Restructured or Redundant

Beltr

Casual work Contract work Delayering Downsizing Job sharing Outsourcing Restructuring Delocalization Rightsizing

Discussion PAGE 126 THE POSTAL SERVICE

The United States Postal Service (also known as USPS, the Post Office or U.S. Mail) is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. The USPS traces its roots to 1775 during the Second Continental Congress, where Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first postmaster general. The cabinet-level Post Office Department was created in 1792 from Franklin's operation and transformed into its current form in 1971 under the Postal Reorganization Act.
Luis

Discussion: the postal service In your country, is the postal service public or private? Is it profitable? Is it a monopoly? What do you know about post offices in other countries? If a business is considered to offer a public service, should it be allowed to rationalize, restructure, downsize, outsource or delocalize?
Luis

Role Play: This role play is about a plan to restructure and modernize a postal distribution system, which will also result in serious downsizing

Luis

WHAT IS ECONOMICS?

Economics is the social

science that analyzes the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services.
Snchez

The term Economics comes from the Ancient Greek (OIKONOMIA) "management of a household, administration"

Political economy was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the latter 19th century suggested 'economics' as a shorter term for 'economic science' that also avoided a narrow political interest connotation and as similar in form to 'mathematics', 'ethics', and so forth.

Snchez

A focus of the subject is how economic agents behave or interact and how economies work.
Economic analysis may be applied throughout society, as in business, finance, health care, and government, but also to such diverse subjects as crime, education, the family, law, politics, religion, social institutions, war, and science. At the turn of the 21st century, the expanding domain of economics in the social sciences has been described as economic imperialism.
Snchez

READING
Snchez

Comprehension
1- What does the post office want to do ? 2- Why do they say this is necessary ?
4- What are the advantages and disadvantages ?

5- Who is for and who is against the plan ?

Snchez