Praveen

Day1 course details

Introduction to ERP SAP R/3 Architecture User Maintenance Data Dictionary Overview

Introduction to ERP
What is ERP?
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application. Their purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders.

Advantages of ERP

Integration Efficiency Cost reduction Accuracy Increased customer response Reduced paper
Disadvantages of ERP

Takes time to Implement Expensive

SAP R/3
SAP Stands for?
S = Systems A = Applications and P = Products Initially when SAP was introduced, it started with R/1 architecture, then later it came up with R/2 was mainframe version of SAP and R/3 was a client-server architecture which greatly enhanced the user experience with the SAPgui. Where R/3 represented as R for Real-time data processing and 3 for a three-tire architecture. SAP based the architecture of R/3 on a three-tier client/server structure:

Presentation Layer (GUI) Application Layer Database Layer

SAP R/3 Architecture

User Maintenance
Creation of End-users
To Create a User ID in SAP a person should have access to SU01. Usually this task will be , performed by Basis Administrators.

Below are the steps involved while creating a user

Assigning authorizations to users Assigning profiles Super user administration

Data Dictionary
Data definitions (metadata) are created and managed in the ABAP Dictionary. The ABAP Dictionary permits a central description of all the data used in the system without redundancies. New or modified information is automatically provided for all the system components. This ensures data integrity, data consistency and data security.

The most important object types in the ABAP Dictionary are

Tables Views Types Domains Search helps and lock objects

Tables
ABAP Dictionary independently of the database. A table having the same structure is then created from this table definition in the underlying database.

Views
Views are logical views on more than one table. The structure of the view is defined in the ABAP Dictionary. A view on the database can then be created from this structure.

Types
Types are used in ABAP program. The structure of a type can be defined globally in ABAP programs. Changes to a type automatically take effect in all the programs using the type.

Lock objects
Lock objects are used to synchronize access to the same data by more than one user. Function modules that can be used in application programs are generated from the definition of a lock object in the ABAP Dictionary.

Search Helps
The input help (F4 help) is a standard function of the R/3 System. The user can display the list of all possible input values for a screen field with the input help. The possible input values can be enhanced with further information. This is meaningful especially when the field requires the input of a formal key.

SQL Statements

Open SQL Native SQL

Open SQL
Open SQL consists of a set of ABAP statements that perform operations on the central database in the R/3 System. The results of the operations and any error messages are independent of the database system in use. Open SQL thus provides a uniform syntax and semantics for all of the database systems supported by SAP ABAP programs that only use Open SQL statements will work in . any R/3 System, regardless of the database system in use. Open SQL statements can only work with database tables that have been created in the ABAP Dictionary. Open SQL contains the following keywords Keyword Function
SELECT INSERT UPDATE MODIFY Reads data from database tables Adds lines to database tables Changes the contents of lines of database tables Inserts lines into database tables or changes the contents of existing lines Deletes lines from database tables Reads lines of database tables using the cursor

DELETE OPEN CURSOR,FETCH,CLOSE CURSOR

Native SQL
Native SQL allows you to use database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. This means that you can use database tables that are not administered by the ABAP Dictionary, and therefore integrate data that is not part of the R/3 System. ABAP Native SQL allows you to include database-specific SQL statements in an ABAP program. Most ABAP programs containing database-specific SQL statements do not run with different databases. If different databases are involved, use Open SQL. To execute ABAP Native SQL in an ABAP program, use the statement EXEC. Open SQL (Subset of standard SQL statements), allows you to access all database tables available in the R/3 System, regardless of the manufacturer. To avoid conflicts between database tables and to keep ABAP programs independent from the database system used, SAP has generated its own set of SQL statements known as Open SQL.

Using Native SQL, you can Transfer values from ABAP fields to the database Read data from the database and process it in ABAP programs.

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