Introduction to Computers Chapter

Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers
Discovering Computers 2012

Your Interactive Guide to the Digital World
Objectives Overview
Define the term, computer, and describe the relationship between data and information Define the term, network, and identify benefits of sharing resources on a network
Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in todays world
Describe the five components of a computer
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that users experience when working with computers
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1
Objectives Overview
Distinguish between system software and application software
Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category
Describe the role of each element in an information system
Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users each interact with computers
Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing
See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives
A World of Computers
Computers are everywhere
Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1
A World of Computers
Mobile devices classified as computers. Usage I. Communication II. Share photo, drawings, documents. III. Instant access to information IV. Manage schedules and contacts V. Entertainment
Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1 5
What Is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Collects data (input) Produces information (output)
Processing
Information Processing Cycle

Page 6
What Is a Computer?
Page 6 Figure 1-2
The Components of a Computer

A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware
Input Device Output Device System Unit Storage Device Communications Device
Pages 6 - 8
Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer E.g.: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and web cam.
Hardware component that conveys information to one or more peoples E.g.: printer, monitor and speaker.
Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media. E.g.: USB drive, hard disks, memory card, CD,DVD Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices. E.G.: Modem
The Components of a Computer
Page 7 Figure 1-3
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Advantages of Using Computers Disadvantages of Using Computers
Speed Reliability
Consistency Storage
Communications
Pages 9 - 10
Health Risks
Violation of Privacy Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include:
Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
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Networks and the Internet

A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media
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The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Page 11 Figure 1-7
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People use the Internet for a variety of reasons:
Communicate
Research and Access Information
Shop
Bank and Invest
Online Trading
Entertainment
Download Videos
Share Information
Web Application
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A social networking Web site encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users
Page 14 Figure 1-9
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A blog is an informal web site consisting of time stamped articles in a diary or journal format. A blog that contain video clips is called a video blog. A microblog such as twitter, allow user to publish short messages, usually between 100 and 200 characters,
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Podcasts is a recorded audio stored on a web site that can be downloaded to computer or a portable media player such as iPod. A video podcast is a podcast that contain video and usually audio.
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A web application is a web site that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the internet. Examples of software include those that allow you to send and receive email message, organize digital photos, create documents, and play games.
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Web sites such as social networking, blogs and web applications are categorized as web 2.0 sites. Web 2.0 refer to web sites that provide a means for users to share personal information (such as social networking web sites), allow user to modify the web site content (such as blog) and/or have software built into the site for users to access(such as web applications)
Computer Software
Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
System Software
Operating system. E.g.: Microsoft, MAC Utility program allow users to perform maintenance type tasks. E.g.: disk driver, printers
Application Software E.g.: Web browser, word processing, database, presentation software.
Pages 15 - 16 Figures 1-10 - 1-11
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Computer Software
Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer,& other hardware
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Computer Software
A programmer develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information. Popular programming languages include C++, Java, JavaScript, Visual C# and Visual Basic.
Page 18 Figure 1-13
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Computer Software
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7 Categories of Computers
Personal computers (Desktops)
Mobile computers and mobile devices

Game consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers
Embedded computers
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Personal Computers
A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself Two popular architectures are the PC (Window) and the Apple (Mac 0S)
Desktop computer
Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Mobile Computer
Personal computer you can carry from place to place
Mobile Device
Computing device small enough to hold in your hand
Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, netbooks, ultra-thins, and Tablet PCs
Examples include smart phones and PDAs, ebook readers, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
Pages 20 - 23
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Notebook computer
Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs

E-book reader
Pages 20 - 22 Figures 1-17 1-20
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Handheld computer
Portable media player

E.g.: Ipod Digital camera
Pages 22 - 23 Figures 1-21 1-23
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Notebook computers
Also called a labtop computer Thin and lightweight Netbook, is a type of notebook computer, is smaller, lighter and not powerful as a traditional notebook computer.
29
Tablet PCs or tablet computer

Is a special type of notebook computer that you can interact with by touching the screen with your finger or a digital pen. A digital pen looks like a small ink pen Useful especially for taking notes in lectures, at meetings, conferences and other forum.
30
Smart phones and PDAs

Smart phones is an internet-enabled phone that usually provides personal information management functions such as appointment book, address book, calculator. PDA(Personal digital assistant) provides personal information management. PDA differs from a smart phone in that it usually does not provide phone capabilities. Difficult to differentiate between 2 devices and let some manufactures refer smart phones and PDAs as handheld.
E-Book Readers
Short for electronic book reader or e-reader Is a device that is used primarily for reading ebooks. An e-book or digital book is an electronic version of a printed book.
32
Handheld computers
Sometimes referred to as an Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC) is a computer small enough to fit in one hand. E.g.: This handheld computer is a lightweight computer that enables delivery people to obtain and record information about their deliveries.
Portable Media Players

Is a mobile device on which you can store, organize and play digital media. Listen music, watch video, movies, television shows, view photo, access website, personal information management.
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Digital Camera
Is a device that allows users to take pictures and store photographed image digitally. Internal storage and memory cards.
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Game Consoles
A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games. E.g.: Nintendo, Playstation.
Page 24 Figure 1-24
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Servers
A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network
Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
Page 25 Figure 1-25
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Mainframes
A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Page 25 Figure 1-26
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Supercomputers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer
Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
Page 25 Figure 1-27
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Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Consumer Electronics Mobile and digital telephones Digital televisions Cameras Video recorders DVD players and recorders Answering machines Home Automation Devices Thermostats Sprinkling systems Security monitoring systems Appliances Lights Automobiles Antilock brakes Engine control modules Airbag controller Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics Remote monitoring systems Power monitors Machine controllers Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers
Page 26
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Embedded Computers
Page 26 Figure 1-28
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Elements of an Information System
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Procedures
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Elements of an Information System
Page 27 Figure 1-29
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Examples of Computer Usage
Home User
Personal financial management Web access Communications Entertainment
Small Office/Home Office User (SOHO)

Look up information Send and receive e-mail messages Make telephone calls
Mobile User
Connect to other computers on a network or the Internet Transfer information Play video games Listen to music Watch movies
Pages 28 31 Figures 1-30 1-32
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Small office/Home office user

Includes any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home.
45
Mobile users
Who work on a computer or mobile device while away from a main office, home office, or school. Example: sales representatives, insurance agents, consultants, package delivery people Often have mobile computer or mobile devices
46
Examples of Computer Usage
Power User
Work with multimedia Use industry-specific software
Enterprise User
Communicate among employees Process high volumes of transactions Blog
Pages 31 32 Figures 1-33 1-34
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Power user
Require the capabilities of a workstation or other type of powerful computer. Example: engineers, scientists, architects, graphic artists. Need computers with extremely fast processors because of the nature of their work.
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Enterprise User
Each employee or customer who uses a computer in the enterprise is an enterprise user.
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Computer Applications in Society
Education Finance
Government Health Care

Pages 34 - 36 Figures 1-36 1-39
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Education
Education is the process of acquiring knowledge. Turning computer assist with education. Students need to access schools network or internet. Computer lab. Part of the learning occurs in a classroom and other part on the web. Distance learning
Finance
Finance software to balance checkbooks, pay bills, track income and expenses. Online banking e.g.: maybank2u, CIMB clicks Online investing to buy and sell stocks without a broker
52
Government
Provide citizens with up-to-date information Most government offices have web site Example: Higher Education ministry (http://www.mohe.gov.my/portal/)
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Health care
Access patient record Doctors use the web and medical software to assist with researching and diagnosing health conditions. Robots deliver medication to nurse station in hospitals
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Computer Applications in Society
Science Publishing
Travel Manufacturing
Pages 36 - 38 Figures 1-40 1-43
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Science
Use computer to assist them with collecting, analyzing and modeling data.
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Publishing
Is the process of making works available to the public. Special software assist graphic designers in developing pages that include text, graphics and photos. Filmmakers in creating and editing firm.
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Travel
Such as mobile devices have built in navigation systems. Website offers services such as reserve a car, hotel or flight.
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Manufacturing
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) refer to the use of the computers to assist with manufacturing processes. Use CAM to reduce product development costs, shorten a products time to market and stay ahead of the competition.
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Video: Computer History in a Barn
CLICK TO START
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Summary
Basic computer concepts
Components of a computer
Networks, the Internet, and computer software
Many different categories of computers, computer users, and computer applications in society
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Page 39
Q&A
-The EndSee you in our next class

Introduction to Computers Chapter

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Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers

Discovering Computers 2012

Explain why computer literacy is vital to success in todays world

Describe the five components of a computer

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Distinguish between system software and application software

Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category

Describe the role of each element in an information system

See Page 3 for Detailed Objectives

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Pages 4 - 5 Figure 1-1

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Information Processing Cycle

Page 6 Figure 1-2

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

The Components of a Computer

The Components of a Computer

Page 7 Figure 1-3

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Pages 10 - 11 Figure 1-6

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Page 11 Figure 1-7

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Research and Access Information

Bank and Invest

Pages 12 - 13 Figure 1-8

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Page 14 Figure 1-9

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Networks and the Internet

Pages 15 - 16 Figures 1-10 - 1-11

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Pages 16 - 17 Figure 1-12

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Page 18 Figure 1-13

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Mobile computers and mobile devices

Pages 19 - 20 Figures 1-15 - 1-16

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 1

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Tablet PC Smart phones and PDAs

Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices

Portable media player