Install, Verify and Upgrade Components and Peripherals

PS/2 - connects keyboard and mouse USB connects many devices (PnP) Serial connects modems/printers Parallel connects printer VGA connects monitors RJ11 connects phone lines RJ45 connects to the network

Network Topologies
Physical topology
created to record where each host is on the network shows how each host is connected (media, devices, etc)

Network Topologies
Logical topology
how the host uses the network host names, addresses, groups, applications

Communication Protocols
Message Patterns Unicast single destination Multicast same message to a group Broadcast all hosts need to receive the message

The Hierarchical Design Structure

Smaller, more manageable groups allow traffic to remain local on the networks Divided into three layers
Access Layer
connection to the hosts

Distribution Layer
interconnects smaller networks

Core Layer
high speed connection between distribution devices

Access Layer Device A HUB

Accepts data signal from one port and sends it (regenerates) out all ports
multiport repeater

Collisions
results in message being garbled and unreadable occur when two or more hosts send a message at the same time (undesirable in a network)

NOT VERY SMART

a hub will not recognize there is a collision and send it all ports

Hubs And Collision Domains

Collision domain area where the collision has occurred. More collision domains = better performance How many collision domains exist in the graphic shown?

Access Layer Device A SWITCH

SMARTER THAN A HUB

dedicated bandwidth out each port no need to share with other ports (unlike a hub)

Can forward messages to a specific host by looking in its MAC table

If destination MAC is not in its MAC table, floods the network out all ports looking for a response Only the host with the correct MAC address will respond

More Stuff on Switches

How does the MAC table get built?
keeps track of frames being sent between hosts records the information when there is a response

Collision Domains
each port on a switch is its own collision domain 8 port switch = 8 collision domains

Online Activity 3.4.3

Broadcasts

If there is only one destination MAC in a message, how can you contact everyone else?
send a broadcast MAC hexidecimal digits FFFF.FFFF.FFFF

Useful when hosts need to send information but dont know what hosts are to receive it Switches and hubs send the broadcast out to everyone on their network. (Broadcast Domain)

ARP Request
Sent when the sending host knows the destination IP, but not the MAC Will discover the MAC address of any local host on the network

Distribution Layer Devices and Communication Methods

Responsible for making sure local traffic stays local on the network Traffic destined for other networks will be passed on.

Distribution Layer DevicesThe Router

Routers directs traffic based on the destination IP address Routers build routing tables; switches build MAC tables Routers decode packets, switches decode frames Look only the network portion of the IP address finds the best path to take to get to the destination Routers do not forward broadcasts!!!

Default Gateway

Used when a host wants to send data to a host on a different network. Must be set on the workstation connected to the routing device the router interface connected to the PC

Routing Tables and ARP tables

Used by routers to store information

Types of Routing
Dynamic
information is obtained from neighboring routers

Static
manually entered by the network administrator

What happen to a message that is not in the routing table?

It is dropped unless . . .

A default route is set

last resort type of router will send it to the router it thinks may be have the destination IP

Distribution Layer Devices and Communication Methods

LAN Local Area Network Under the same administrative control

Plan, Implement and Verify a Local Network

Consider the following before beginning:

Number and type of hosts Applications to be run on the network Data and devices to be shared Speed requirements (bandwidth) Level of security Reliability of the network Connectivity requirements

Building the Network

Physical environment
temperature control availability/placement of outlets

Physical configuration
location of devices how are devices connected location/length of cable runs hardware configurations (hosts, servers) size of broadcast & collision domains IP addressing scheme Naming Permissions Sharing

Logical configuration

Multifunction Devices
Integrated routers
Linksys wireless router problem = single point of failure

Integrated Services Router (ISR)

performs services of three different devices
router switch wireless access point

Implement and Document the Network

Develop a prototype
tests network design

Sharing Resources
Main reason for networking sharing resources
File sharing Print sharing

Consider this before sharing:

security issues permissions granted

Windows XP users
use Simple File Sharing

Plan, Implement and Verify a Local Network

Build a virtual model of their small home or small business network

Communication Across a Local Ethernet Network

Explain the purpose of a logical network address as the location of a host on a Network (source and destination)

Access Layer Devices and Communication Methods

Describe the Purpose of the Access Layer and how it is used within an Ethernet Network

The Internet Cloud Identify and describe the concept of the Internet cloud.