Mohd Rafiuddin Hamidon 01200910 0070

Procedure which brings to conscious awareness, for the first time, unconscious conflict and associated emotions It is integral part of psychoanalysis and analysis Can be done with or without medication

Treatment: Initially: Amphetamines, ether, Nitrous Oxide, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LCD) Amphetamines Increase productivity of speech Facilitating release of unconscious ideas and emotion These agents no longer use because of risk of dependence (LSD&Amphetamines) and side effect

Another treatment: 5% of sodium amobarbital (amytal) and thiopentone sodium (pentothal) It infuse at rate < 1cc/min to prevent sleep and respiratory distress Warning: Procedure should be done very carefully with support from anaesthetist who should be physically present

Procedures: Begun with neutral topics at first, gradually approaching area(s) of conflict Indications: Abreaction e.g in hysteria Interview with mute patient Diagnostic test in catatonic syndrome Differentiating test in stupor (for differential
diagnosis of depression, schizophrenia, hysteria and organic brain disorder)

Contraindication: Airways disease (URTI) Severe renal or hepatic disease History of porphyria Hypotension Dependence on barbiturates Psychosis (except for catatonia or stupor) Other medication: Diazapam Ketamine

Aim: Reduces muscular relaxation Reduces anxiety and muscular tension Anxietymuscular tensionreinforces anxiety Are an integral part of majorities of behaviour therapies (systematic desensitisation)

Method: 1. Jacobsons pregressive muscular relaxation Most frequent technique Patient first tenses, then relaxes and then relaxes major muscle group of the body in a prefixed and systematic order (top of body progressive downwards) 2. Hypnosis 3. Transcendental meditation (TM) of Yoga 4. Shavasna (the corpse posture): similar to progresive relaxation but sequence of progression is below upward) 5. Yog Nindra, Pranayama and Vipasna (Indian method) 6. Biofeedback

The use of instrument which provides immediate feedback to the patient regarding his physiological activities normally not available to conscious mind ECG, EEG, pulse rate, blood pressure, EMG, galvanic skin response (GSR) Relaxation is easily achieved by this method Simpler form (relaxometer) uses only one parameter, the GSR Other uses: Treatment of anuresis, migraine headaches, tension headaches, idiopathic hypertension, incontinence, cardiac arrhythmias, uncontrolled generalised tonic clonic seizures and neuromuscular rehabilitation.

Restoration of fullest physical, mental, social, vocational and economic usefulness of which the person suffering from psychiatric disorder is capable. Most of psychiatry disoeder patient may have poor quality of life, residual symptoms, and long term disability

1. 2.

3.

Housing placement - half way homes, supervised housing Vocational training and rehabilitation - activity therapy, sheltered workshop, transitional or supported employment, vocational guidance, occupational therapy Treatment - ensuring compliance with medication, social skills therapy, family therapy, cognitive remediation The Person with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Right and Full Participantion) Act (PDA) - includes psychiatric disorder and mental retardation

Girinda Shekhar practising psycoanalysis in Calcutta just about the time of Freud. It is not widely used in India India patients are not psychologically minded and unable to introspect They lack verbal fluency and have more physically symptoms They difficult in maitaining one-to-one relationship with physician psychiatrist (they will heal by Guru) Guru-Chela relationship by JS Neki

Psychoanalysis (which avoids giving direct advice) is difficult, Patient expect the therapies to guide them and make decision for them. Often fatalistic (this had to happen; it is the result of destiny and past karma) and often have magical expectations of cure Westerm model cannot directly transplanted in India setting They should be preferably brief, direct, crisis-oriented, with therapies plaing an active role Here, they used supportive psychotheraphy though use of CBT( Cognitive Behavioral Theraphy)