Psychology the science that researches the peculiarities of psychic reflection in the activity processes Psychology of business communication

n is a branch of applied psychology that investigates the peculiarities of intellectual, emotional, volitional and the other psychic processes in business and labour activity Psychology in marketing and advertising is a branch of applied psychology that investigates, for the first turn, consumer behaviour in marketing

Psychological ideas in philosophy of ancient world

Plato a theory of soul. Three kinds of souls: reason; - spirit; -appetite Aristotle a theory of soul, that consists of three parts: rational, sensitive, nutritive Hippocrates - brain as the location of soul; a theory of four humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm - as foundations for temperaments ( blood (sangius) sanguine, yellow bile (chole)- choleric, black bile (melaina)melancholic, phlegm (phlegma) - phlegmatic

Psychological ideas in the Modern Time philosophy

Rene Descartes human psychic life is determined by soul while animals are automata; - psyche as the inner world, - the notion of introspection as self-observation John Locke - empirical psychology; - a soul as tabula rasa; - external experience consists of perceptions and gives a man simple ideas, internal experience creates ideas by abstraction

Wilhelm Leibniz the idea of the monad as active spiritual substance; the notion of apperception as clear and comprehensible content of perception
Gottfried

Development of psychology (I)

Wilhelm

Wundt (1832-1920) experimental method in psychology; self-introspection as the subject of psychology; laboratory of experimental psychology in Leipzig in 1879 Oswald Kulpe (1862-1915) psychological foundation of knowledge; retrospective introspection

Development of psychology (II)

Gestalt psychology Max Wertheimer,

Kurt Koffka,

Wolfgang Khler

 form, configuration) Psychic whole is not determined by its individual elements, but the part-processes are themselves determined by the intrinsic nature of the whole
(Gestalt

 Certain

laws of perception, for example, law of similarity (things that are similar in some way appear to be grouped together), law of Pragnanz (good figure) (objects in the environment are seen in a way that makes as simple as possible), law of proximity (things that are near each other seem to be grouped together), etc.

Development of sociology (III)

Freud (1856-1939) psychoanalysis - psychology of personality personality: Id - Ego - Super-Ego Id unconscious, non-verbal, displaced. Its elements: mistaken actions (slips of the tongue, slips of pen, etc.), dreams, inclinations (self-preservation, libido, to death)
Zigmund

 personal level, psychological defense (sublimation the change of aim, another aim achievement instead of unattainable one, projection of our feelings to another persons, rationalization the search of causes to justify impossibility of certain actions, etc.) Super-Ego is formed by social environment and prohibitions, moral consciousness in the form of conscience and guilt
Ego

Carl Jung (1875-1961)

unconscious universal nonpersonal psychic system, determined by heredity Psychological archetypes unconscious elementary structures that determine behaviour, images, art, etc. Archetypal events: birth, death, separation from parents, initiation, marriage, etc
Collective

Behaviorism
John Watson (1878-1958) Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It: Psychology should be a purely objective experimental branch of science Emphasis on external behaviour of people and their reactions on given situations

Humanistic psychology

Abraham

Maslow (1908-1970) - a theory of self-actualization of personality

Maslow pyramid (1943)