FIRST AID CHAPTER 1( PART 1)

What Is FIRST AID ??

WHAT IS FIRST AID ??

The FIRST assistance given to someone who has been injured. To cover an extremely varied range of scenarious.

THE GOAL OF FIRST AID

To keep the casualty alive To stop the casualty getting worse To promote the recovery To promote reassurance and confortable to the casualty

WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY?
D R S A B
C

Danger Respons e Shout Airway Breathin g Circulati on

DANGER
Keep yourself out of danger Keep passer-by out of danger Make safe any hazards without endangering yourself and other ONLY MOVE THE CASUALTY AWAY FROM DANGER IN EXTREME CIRCUMSTANCE.

RESPONSE
Try to establish the responsiveness lever If the casualty appear unconscious or semi-conscious speak loudly to them. Etc.. Sir, can you hear me ? If this fail to response , tap them firmly on the shoulder . Check the responsiveness lever by AVPU.

SHOUT!
If the step above fail. Shout loudly to passers for help with the situation. Ask the passers for help to make a call to the emergency service. ( If there is not enough first aider around ) Stay with the casualty until the trained aids arrive

AIRWAY
Check the mouth and remove any visible obvious obstructions , such as food that are FORNT OF THE MOUTH ONLY. Doing the head tilt chin lift to prevent the unconscious casualtys airway been block by the tongue.

BREATHING
Using the method of Look, Listen, Feel and Check. Look to see the chest is moving Listen for breathing sound from the airway. Feel the air movement y placing your ear close to their face. If the life signal; is NEGATIVE ideally to call an ambulance and start the respiration procedures.

CIRCULATION
Check for coughing, breathing, or any movement. NEVER waste your time o find an pulse unless you are highly experience in medicine. If the life signal is negative start chest compression (if you train to do so)

CALLING FOR HELP !(VIA PHONE)

INFORMATION FOR THE EMENGNCE SERVICE Weather the casualty is conscious by (DRSABC) Your location ( a land mark more) Your name What is the problem and what time happened If is relevant , state the no and about the age of casualty. Report the hazards Wait for the

The emergency service is FREE for all kinds of phone.

VITAL NUMBER Some national emergency service no. UK: 999 US:911 Australia:000 On mobile ,use these no. or 112 ( please refer to your network)

MAKING YOUR ASSESSMENT

Once you have check DRABC and it is functioning, now you have more time to address the casualty specific problems. They may simple and straight forward. You may know what incident happened by looking, feeling ,and questioning the casualty

TAKING A HISTORY
Ask their name. It is very comforting to be called by name, and useful to use if the casualty starts to lose consciousness. Ask children their age and if they are old enough to hold information, ask them how you can contact a parent or career Ask about known medical problem such as heart attack or stroke which may give you clue as what has happened this time Ask for information about any medication they are currently taking and whether they have any known allergies

What is the problem ? Let the casualty to talk for a while. As about something related to difference system of body to find out what is really happening

Ask they what they ate last , if they are going to need an emergency surgery, this is a very importance question, and it may also be vitals if they have a

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

Symptoms -what can the casualty tell you about their injuries or illness? Visual Sign -What can you see in relationship to the casualty condition? Other sign -what can you feel ,smell ,hear in relation to the casualty Vital sign -Sum up the casualty general information.

EXAMINE THE CASUALTY BY HEAD TO TOE CHECKING

Head Neck Chest Abdomen Pelvis Arms and Legs Lower back

HEAD EXAMINATION
Check for swelling ,depression ,cuts and bleeding. Check the mouth for object or fluids. Smell the casualty mouth for alcohol Check the size of pupil if you have been train so.

NECK
Make sure clothing is not thigh. Check for medical ID tag. Working very gentle ,feel along the back of the neck ,without moving the head for swelling and tenders.

CHEST

Is the chest moving normally? Are there very tender place over the ribs? If there is object stuck in the chest , leave it there. Feel the collarbones for tenderness and swelling.

ABDOMEN

Feel stomach gently for any large swelling or tender places. If the casualty is conscious, they will flinch, moan or cry out if you touch an area is painful.

LOWER BACK

If you suspect a spinal injuries, from the circumference of the accident from the casualty says, DO NOT TRY EXAMINE CASUALTY BACK.

PELVIS

Note any tender over the hips. Maintain a very light touch because a pelvis injuries can be excruciatingly painful.

ARMS AND LEGS

Look for injuries. Ask weather the casualty feel you touching their arm and legs. Ask them to grab your hand.

Video here .

ACCESS CAR

Early call for expert help

Early CPR by first Aider Helper

Early defibrillation by paramedics

Early advanced cardiac life support.

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT FOR UNRESPONSIVE CASUALTY

Follow the step of DRABC .If the casualty I not breathing for up to 10 sec, give two rescue breath. Check for sign of circulation for up to 10 sec, then began with 30 compression. Now give 2 rescue breath and 30 compression until the casualty waken or the paramedics arrive.

WHAT TO DO IF THE CASUALTY WAKEN UP??

Turn the casualty into recovery position.

Video here.

CHOKING
Clearing the airway Conscious casualty: 1. Back slaps, if coughing alone will not shift the obstruction. 2. Abdominal thrusts. For unconscious casualty: -Chest trust

CHOKING

TRANSPORTATION
Type of transportation to move the casualty way from the danger. -Dragging(for unconscious casualty) -fore and aft method -blanket lift

DRAGGING METHOD

FORE AND AFT METHOD

BLANKET LIFT
1.

2.

3.

4.

With the casualty placed on their side, and the blanket edge roller up lengthways, position the roll against the casualtys bask. Move the casualty over the rolled edge, on to their other side. Make sure the casualty's head isn't closed to the edge. Roll up the other long edge of the blanket. The two helpers on their either side of the casualty grap the roll firmly with both side. Slowly and carefully lift the casualty, with head and neck supported. Helpers move in same direction.