Development of Integrated Models for Urban Drainage Systems

by
Ming-Ming Wang, Ph.D. student Dr. Yu-Wen Zhou, Professor
Data-driven and Physically-based Models for Characterization of Processes in Hydrology, Hydraulics, Oceanography and Climate Change 6 - Models for Characterization of Processes in Data-driven and Physically-based 28 Jan 2008 Hydrology, Hydraulics, Oceanography andIMS Change NUS, Climate
6 - 28 Jan 2008

Acknowledge
Institute for Mathematical Sciences (IMS) Singapore - Delft Water Alliance (SDWA) Tropical Marine Science Institute (TMSI) Pacific Institute for Mathematical Sciences (PIMS)

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50678009)

Contents

Background Integrated model framework Modeling

Popular GIS software packages Popular model software packages

Design of storm sewer system Conclusion Discussion

Background
urban sewer system

Treatment plant

Receiving river

Background
Urbanisation is a significant global trend
not only calls for new sewer system, but stresses existing urban sewer system.

Background
January 3, 2006 Sewage pipes emergency in Beijing East Third Ring Road Road collapse

Background - Climate Change

Flooding in Beijing

Sudden heavy storm July 10, 2004

strongest storm in a decade The storm started at 4:00 pm and continued for about 3 hours 111 mm fell on Tiananmen Square

Background - Climate Change

Flooding paralyzes Beijing traffic

Flooding in Beijing

Locus Bridge of downtown Beijing the water reached a depth of over 1.5 meters Highly concerned by Chinese Premier

Background - Climate Change

Flooding in Beijing

Airport Expressway, July 31, 2006

Background
1.

2.
3.

4.

Large cities Complex sewer systems Integrated management (Pollution control, stormwater and sewage network management and flood prevention) The need of Decision support online

We need integrated complex models, using the advanced technologies (GIS, SCADA, etc.)

The framework of integrated model

SCADA system
Monitoring of drainage system performances

DATABASE

SYSTEM INTEGRATION

Model

GIS

Presentation of drainage system and provides information

Simulation and assessment of drainage system

Popular GIS software packages used in China

ESRI ArcGIS MapInfo MapGIS

ArcGIS

MapInfo

MAPGIS

Underground pipeline networks management system

Popular model software packages used in China

US EPA DHI Bentley Wallingford

SWMM

Mike Urban

SewerGEMS

Infoworks CS

Process of Storm to sewer network

Storm

Hydrological model Catchment

Sewer

hydraulic model

Modeling of Storm sewer system

Rainfall Losses model Effective rainfall unit hydrograph Inflow hydrograph of the inlet Non-steady flow hydraulics numerical solutions

Outflow hydrograph of sewer system

Design of Storm sewer system

Design storms are routinely used for designing storm sewer system. A design storm is a hypothetical storm with specific duration D and return period T. The information of design storms is conveniently presented in the form of depth-duration-frequency (DDF) curves or intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves.

Design of Storm sewer system

storm sewer system without storage facilities Need peak flow Rational method: Qp=CiA Data need: Design storm storm sewer system with storage facilities Need flow hydrograph

Data need: Design storm with time distribution

Rainfall data in China

Difference
Spatial scale River/watershed hydrology Urban hydrology large relative small Temporal scale year, day, hour day, hour, minute

Rainfall data in China

Department of urban drainage rainfall data resolution minute, hour, day

Department of hydrology rainfall data resolution hour, day, year

Published rainfall data Design storm With time distribution

Rainfall data resolution day ?

resolution hour, minute

Storm pattern
Chicago storm Intensity-Duration-Frequency relationship

In China, duration 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120min

Storm pattern
SCS storm pattern example
a 25-year, 24-hour duration rainfall 10.01in SCS Type-III storm in Harris County using a one-hour time increment
3.00

2.50

Precipitation (in)

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (hours)

storm pattern
Department of hydrology in China Typical storm method

Professor Van-Thanh-Van Nguyen Downscaling method Daily GCMs to sub-daily precipitation 5-min to 1 hour 1 hour to 1-day

Water resources problem in China

Too little water
Water shortage

Polluted water
The discharges of wastewater by industry and households have considerable detrimental effects on water quality and on public and ecosystem health.

Too much water

increased frequencies or magnitudes of floods.

Flood control & pollution control

The rainwater tank as a runoff control measure is widely used.

temporary storing of stormwater, reduce flow peaks, reduce the pipe size of downstream reduce runoff pollution rainwater reuse

Flood control & rainwater reuse

Current storage volume calculation in China

Storage volume of detention tank

where

V = (1- )1.5 Qmax tc

V storage volumem3
Qmax design peak flow of upstream pipem3/s

tc duration of Qmaxs
coefficient , =Qmax/Qdownstream

Storage volume of rainwater tank

Calculation of detention tank for flood control

discharge Q

reduce flow peaks

Inflow hydrograph Tank volume fed downstream after the end of storm event

volume fed downstream during storm event

time t

V1 (Qin Qout )dt

t1

t2

Calculation of stormwater tank to capture the first flush

discharge Q

reduce runoff pollution

Inflow hydrograph Tank volume

the first flush

time t

Usually the stormwater that initially runs off an area will be more polluted than the stormwater that runs off later, after the rainfall has 'cleansed' the catchment. The stormwater containing this high initial pollutant load is called the 'first flush'.

Calculation of stormwater tank to capture the first flush

rainfall data water quality data

V2 Qin dt
0

t0

Monitoring water quality

storage volume

stormwater tank
temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, suspended solid (SS), turbidity, alkalinity, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), total hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, sulfate, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn

Calculation of stormwater tank to rainwater reuse

Rainwater reuse
discharge Q
Inflow hydrograph

Tank volume

time t

V3 (Qin Qout )dt

t0

td

Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) Inflow hydrograph Tank volume V1

Inflow

hydrograph

Inflow

hydrograph

Tank volume V2

Tank volume V3

Storage volume=max{V1,V2,V3}

Conclusion

The aim of this work is only to provide the method for design of the storm sewer system with storage facilities in China. The Storage volume calculation method of stormwater tank with multi-function(flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse) is provided for China.

Discussion
River/watershed hydrology

Large
River/watershed hydrology

Downscaling method Daily GCMs to sub-daily precipitation 5-min to 1 hour 1 hour to 1-day Sub-daily to daily precipitation

urban hydrology

Small
urban hydrology

2 hour to 1-day
Rainfall(mm)

5-min to 2 hour

5min 1

24

Time (hour)

Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse)
How to operate ?

Inflow

hydrograph

Monitoring water quality

Inflow hydrograph Tank volume V3

Tank volume V2

First flush diverter

Stormwater tank with multi-function (flood control, pollution control, rainwater reuse)
How to operate ?

Outflow of outlet
Water level of outlet setting Overflow weir to the tank Empty the tank

Inflow hydrograph Tank volume V1

Modeling of sewer network IF network overflow Before this storm Get the storm with return period

Storms with return period 2yr, 5yr, 10yr

Acknowledge

Thank you