Safety and Health

There is a saying

Precaution is always better than cure.

Safety and Health

Bhopal Gas Tragedy 23 years ago, there was a gas leak from a Union Carbide plant which led to killing over 20000 thousands of people in Bhopal and become the worst industrial accident in India due to negligence of proper safety features. Survivors still suffer from various diseases and battling for life and waiting for their turn to get compensated.

Safety and Health

Major Accident in last decade (India)-: 1) Bhopal gas leak in December 1984. 2) Delhi gas leak from Sriram foods and fertilizers in December 1985. 3) Gwalior blast at a dyeing department of GRASIM in December 1991. 4) Khalgaon boiler explosion in NTPC in October 1992. 5) Mumbai ONGCs helicopter crash in the offshore Heera Panna oilfields Neelam area in August 2003.

Safety and Health

Major International accident-: 1) NASA Columbia space shuttle broke apart during reentry on Feb 1, 2003. Wing damage sustained during launch by a chunk of fuel tank insulation was cited as the accident cause.

Safety and Health

Safety -: refers to the absence of accidents. Stated differently, safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of accidents. Research says Every twenty seconds of working minute of every hour throughout the World, someone dies as a result of an industrial accident.

Safety and Health

Types of accidents -: Accidents Internal
Major

External
Minor

Fatal

Disability

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Disability
Temporary
Partial Total

Permanent
Partial Total

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Internal If a bone is fracture which cant be seen and judged from open eyes. External wounds which are seen through our open eyes. Major Accidents results in death or results in prolonged injury. Minor A scratch or injury does not seriously disable. Temporary If a person recovers disability from which he can recover fully after certain period.

Safety and Health

Permanent Any injury which permanently disabled the person.

Safety and Health

Major International accident-: 1) NASA Columbia space shuttle broke apart during reentry on Feb 1, 2003. Wing damage sustained during launch by a chunk of fuel tank insulation was cited as the accident cause.

Safety and Health

Safety -: refers to the absence of accidents. Stated differently, safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of accidents. Research says Every twenty seconds of working minute of every hour throughout the World, someone dies as a result of an industrial accident.

Safety and Health

Types of accidents -: Accidents Internal
Major

External
Minor

Fatal

Disability

Safety and Health

Disability
Temporary
Partial Total

Permanent
Partial Total

Safety and Health

Internal If a bone is fracture which cant be seen and judged from open eyes. External wounds which are seen through our open eyes. Major Accidents results in death or results in prolonged injury. Minor A scratch or injury does not seriously disable. Temporary If a person recovers disability from which he can recover fully after certain period.

Safety and Health

Permanent Any injury which permanently disabled the person.

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Need for safety -: 1) Cost saving Direct cost ie compensation and Indirect cost ie loss of production, damages of equipment, wastage of time. 2) Increased productivity Safety promotes productivity, employees feel safe and produce good quality and quantity.

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3) Moral Providing safety to the employee has moral dimension, in addition to being a legal requirement. An employer has no right to cause accident to an employee which might kill the person. Monetary compensation does not bring the person back as a healthy individual.

Can monetary compensation be a substitute for person?

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4) Legal Supreme court says An enterprise which is engaged in a hazardous dangerously industry which poses a potential threat to the health and safety of the persons working in the factory or industry must ensure that neither the workers nor the society suffers any kind of damages . All safety related requirements to be fulfilled by the industry as legal requirement before start of work.

Safety and Health

Safety Program -: Safety program deals with the prevention of accidents and with minimising the resulting loss and damage to person and property. Five principles that govern the safety program of an organisation are -: 1) Industrial accidents are a the result of multiple factors. So these factors have to be traced to their root causes, which are usually falls in the management system arising from poor leadership from top, inadequate supervision, no attention to design safety system.

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2) The most important function of safety programmes is to identify potential hazards, provide effective remedial actions. This is possible only if there are -: a) Effective system for reporting all accidents causing damage or injury. b) Adequate accidents records. c) Systematic procedures for carrying out safety checks, inspections. d) Methods of ensuring that safety equipment is maintained.

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Safety Process -: Strategic choices development of safety policy

Organisation for safety

Analysis of causes of accidents

Implementation of program
Evaluation of effectiveness

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Strategic choices Management must make decision regarding safety of their workers. Some strategic choices are-: 1) Must determine the level of protection. Some co because of financial constraints prefer low level. 2) Must decide whether a safety program will be formal or informal. Formal have written regulation & carefully monitored. Informal are enforced because of pressure and include good training.

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3) Management can be proactive or reactive. 4) Management can use safety of workers as a marketing tool of the organisation.

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1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Health - : The well being of the employees in an industrial establishment is affected by accidents and by ill health physical as well as mental. Health in Industry can be discussed through following angles-: Physical health Mental health Noise control Stress management Violence at work place

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Health hazards -: Health hazards

Causes

Lung cancer oven emissions, smokes Leukemia Radiation Reproductive problems Radiation Vision Chemical fumes, Office equip. Hearing High noise level

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Mental health -: Specially at executive cadre. Three reasons for this development are mental breakdowns because of pressure & tensions. Mental disturbances because of reduced productivity & lower profits. Mental illness alcoholism & poor human relations.

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Noise Control -: Noise can only be minimised but can not be totally eliminated. Constant exposure to noise not only effects hearing ability but also effect the general health of the employees.

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Work stress -: refers to an individuals response to a disturbing factor in the environment . Stress is mostly understood to be negative, but it has positive dimension also. When stress brings out something better from an individual, it is called eustress. Violence at work place -: